Biology Classification and Nomenclature

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is NOT true for Thallophyta?

They possess true roots, stems, and leaves. (correct)

They can be unicellular or multicellular.

They reproduce asexually and sexually.

They are simple aquatic photosynthetic plants.

What is one of the main features of Bryophyta?

They live in moist terrestrial environments. (correct)

They have vascular tissues for conducting water and food.

They reproduce only asexually.

They are primarily aquatic plants.

Which of the following is a true statement about Tracheophyta?

They possess vascular tissues. (correct)

They are primarily unicellular.

They lack true roots, stems, and leaves.

They exclusively reproduce asexually.

Which group of plants includes seed-bearing plants?

Spermatophyta Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about Gymnosperms?

Their seeds are borne naked in cones. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Angiosperms from Gymnosperms?

Angiosperms bear true flowers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of classification in taxonomy?

To arrange organisms into groups based on shared characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What reproductive structures are found in Pteridophyta?

Sori and prothallus Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the vascular nature of Bryophyta?

They are non-vascular plants. Signup and view all the answers

What does binomial nomenclature represent in organism classification?

A system of two names that identifies an organism's genus and species. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes Kingdom Monera?

They consist of microscopic, single-celled prokaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes organisms in Kingdom Protista?

They are all eukaryotes with a distinct nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

How do fungi primarily reproduce?

Asexually by producing spores and also sexually. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes protozoa from protophyta in Kingdom Protista?

Protozoa are animal-like and can be free-living or parasitic. Signup and view all the answers

What feature is characteristic of fungi?

They have a cell wall made of chitin and polysaccharides. Signup and view all the answers

What are hyphae in fungi?

The filamentous structures that form the mycelium. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification

Carolus Linnaeus developed the present system of classification.
Taxonomy is the study of classification.
Classification involves grouping organisms based on shared characteristics.
The largest classification group is the kingdom.

Binomial Nomenclature

A system of naming organisms with two names:
- Genus name (generic name) - written first and capitalized.
- Species name (specific name).
Example: Homo sapiens is the scientific name for humans.

Kingdom Monera (Prokaryotes)

Simplest living organisms, including bacteria and blue-green algae.
Microscopic, single-celled organisms.
Cell walls lack cellulose and are composed of protein and fatty materials.
No defined nucleus; DNA is scattered in the cytoplasm.
Lack most cell organelles except ribosomes.
Reproduce asexually through binary fission.

Kingdom Protista

Unicellular organisms.
Eukaryotic cells, with a defined nucleus.
Mostly aquatic.
Move using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia.
Some are free-living, while others are parasitic.
Divided into:
- Protozoa (animal-like): Amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium, and Trypanosome.
- Protophyta (plant-like): Diatoms, Chlorella, and Chlamydomonas.
Euglena has both plant and animal characteristics.

Kingdom Fungi

Non-green organisms that don't photosynthesize (lack chlorophyll).
Non-motile, except slime molds.
Rigid cell walls made of chitin and polysaccharides.
Reproduce asexually through spores and sexually.
Primarily saprophytes (decomposers), but some are parasites.
Lack true roots, stems, and leaves.
Some are unicellular (yeast), while most are multicellular (Rhizopus, mushroom).
Multicellular fungi have filamentous bodies called hyphae, which form a network called mycelium.

Kingdom Plantae

Organisms with cellulose cell walls and chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
Divided into three major phyla: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Tracheophyta.

Thallophyta (Algae)

Simple aquatic photosynthetic plants.
Non-vascular plants.
Lack true roots, stems, and leaves.
Unicellular or multicellular.
Can be green, brown, or red.
Reproduction is both asexual (cell division, fragmentation, spore) and sexual.
Exhibit alternation of generations.
Examples: Spirogyra, Volvox, Sargassum, and Kelp.

Bryophyta (Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts)

Multicellular, non-vascular plants.
Lack true roots, stems, and leaves.
Have chlorophyll as the only photosynthetic pigment.
Terrestrial, but live in moist environments.
Reproduce asexually through spores and sexually.
Exhibit alternation of generations.

Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants)

Green, multicellular, terrestrial vascular plants with tissues for transporting water and food.
Have true roots, stems, and leaves.
The largest group of plants.
Divided into Pteridophyta (ferns) and Spermatophyta (seed-bearing plants).

Pteridophyta (Ferns)

Spore-bearing plants.
Well-developed vascular tissues and chlorophyll.
Asexual reproductive organs are called sori, and sexual reproductive organs are called prothalli.
The stem grows horizontally and is called a rhizome.
Examples: Dryopteris, Platycerium, and ferns.

Spermatophyta (Seed-Bearing Plants)

Divided into Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

Gymnosperms

Seeds are borne naked in cones.
Lack flowers (e.g. conifers, cycads).
Trees or shrubs with needle-like, broad, or scale-like leaves.
Examples: Cycads (whistling pine, fir), conifers, and Gingkos.

Angiosperms

The largest group of plants.
Adapted to a wide range of habitats.
Bear true flowers used for sexual reproduction.
Have more abundant water-conducting vessels than gymnosperms.
Seeds are enclosed in fruits.
Complex reproductive mechanisms involving pollination and fertilization.
Divided into Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons.
Examples: Oil palm tree, water leaf, maize plant.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of biological classification and naming conventions. This quiz covers key concepts such as taxonomy, binomial nomenclature, and the characteristics of various kingdoms, including Monera and Protista. Test your understanding of how organisms are grouped and identified in biology.