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Questions and Answers
What is taxonomy?
What is taxonomy?
The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms.
What is binomial nomenclature?
What is binomial nomenclature?
A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name consisting of the genus name followed by the species name.
In what ways was Aristotle's classification system inadequate?
In what ways was Aristotle's classification system inadequate?
He classified organisms into only two taxa: plants and animals. He grouped animals based on land, water, or air, and plants by stem differences.
What criteria did Linnaeus use to classify organisms?
What criteria did Linnaeus use to classify organisms?
List and briefly describe the kingdoms in the six-kingdom system of classification.
List and briefly describe the kingdoms in the six-kingdom system of classification.
Explain the relationship between a phylum and a division.
Explain the relationship between a phylum and a division.
Describe how Aristotle's and Linnaeus' classification systems for organisms were similar.
Describe how Aristotle's and Linnaeus' classification systems for organisms were similar.
What are the seven levels of the modern classification system?
What are the seven levels of the modern classification system?
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Study Notes
Taxonomy
- Science focused on describing, naming, and classifying organisms.
Binomial Nomenclature
- System that assigns each organism a two-part scientific name: genus name followed by species name.
Inadequacies of Aristotle's Classification System
- Classified organisms only into two categories: plants and animals.
- Grouped animals based on habitat (land, water, air) and plants based on stem differences.
- Later naturalists found this system oversimplified and inadequate for diverse organism classification.
Linnaeus' Classification Criteria
- Used organism form and structure (morphology) as primary criteria for classification.
Six-Kingdom Classification System
- Plantae: Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms (plants).
- Animalia: Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms (animals).
- Fungi: Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms (fungi).
- Protista: Eukaryotic, includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
- Eubacteria: Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms (true bacteria).
- Archaebacteria: Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms (ancient bacteria).
Relationship Between Phylum and Division
- Phylum pertains to animal classification, whereas division pertains to plant classification.
Similarities Between Aristotle's and Linnaeus' Systems
- Both systems classified organisms based on shared characteristics, such as physical form and habitat.
Seven Levels of Modern Classification
- Hierarchical structure consisting of: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
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