Biology Chapter 14 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood can be classified by its __.

type

No two individuals, except for identical twins, can be expected to have the same combination of blood types or antigens.

True

__ is the fluid portion of unclotted blood.

Plasma

The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed is called the __.

<p>Serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

__ transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

<p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

On the surface of red blood cells are chemical substances called __, which impart blood type characteristics to the cells.

<p>Antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type A individuals have __ antigens on the surface of their red blood cells.

<p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type O individuals have neither A nor B antigens on their red blood cells.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence or absence of the __ and ___ antigens on the red blood cells determines a person's blood type in the A-B-O system.

<p>A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

The D antigen is also known as the __ antigen.

<p>Rh</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serum contains proteins known as __, which destroy or inactivate antigens.

<p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

An antibody reacts only with a specific antigen.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Agglutination describes the clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type B blood contains __ antigens and anti__ antibodies.

<p>B and Anti-A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A drug-protein complex can be injected into an animal to form specific __ for that drug.

<p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term __ describes the study of antigen-antibody reactions.

<p>Serology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type AB blood is agglutinated by both anti-A/anti-B serum.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type B red blood cells agglutinate when added to type A blood.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type A blood cells agglutinate when added to type __ blood.

<p>B</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distribution of type A blood in the US is approximately __%.

<p>42</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distribution of type AB blood in the US is approximately __%.

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most blood hemoglobin has peroxidase-like activity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

For many years, the most commonly used color test for identifying blood has the __ color test.

<p>Benzidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

__ reagent reacts with blood, causing it to luminesce.

<p>Luminol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood can be characterized as being of human origin by __ test.

<p>Precipitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antigens and antibodies can be induced to move toward each other under the influence of an electrical field.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basic unit of heredity is the __.

<p>gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genes are positioned on threadlike bodies called __.

<p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

All nucleated cells in the human body, except the reproductive cells have __ pairs of chromosomes.

<p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sex of an offspring is always determined by the __.

<p>father</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genes that influence a given characteristic and are aligned with one another on a chromosome pair are known as __.

<p>Alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a pair of allelic genes is identical, the genes are said to be __.

<p>Homozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __ color test is used to locate and characterize seminal stains.

<p>Acid phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Semen is unequivocally identified by the microscopic appearance of __.

<p>Spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Males with a low sperm count have a condition known as __.

<p>Oligospermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The protein __ is useful for the characterization of semen.

<p>p30/prostate specific antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA may be transferred to an object through the medium perspiration.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Seminal constituents may remain in the vagina for up to six days after intercourse.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Classification and Components

  • Karl Landsteiner discovered blood can be classified by type.
  • Plasma is the fluid portion of unclotted blood, while serum separates from blood when a clot forms.
  • Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues.
  • Antigens are chemical substances on red blood cells that determine blood type characteristics.

Blood Types and Antigens

  • Type A individuals possess A antigens on red blood cells.
  • Type O individuals lack A and B antigens.
  • The A-B-O blood type system is determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens.
  • The D antigen is also referred to as the Rh antigen.

Antibodies and Immunity

  • Serum contains antibodies, which specifically target and inactivate antigens.
  • Antibodies react only with their corresponding antigens, facilitating agglutination, the clumping of red blood cells.
  • Type B blood has B antigens and anti-A antibodies; Type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Blood Typing and Agglutination

  • Type AB blood is agglutinated by both anti-A and anti-B serum.
  • Type B red blood cells agglutinate when mixed with Type A blood.
  • Type A red blood cells agglutinate when mixed with Type B blood.

Blood Type Distribution

  • Approximately 42% of the US population has Type A blood.
  • Type AB blood is present in about 3% of the US population.

Blood Analysis Techniques

  • Hemoglobin in blood exhibits peroxidase-like activity and can be analyzed using the benzidine color test for blood identification.
  • Luminol reagent causes blood to luminesce, aiding in detection.
  • Precipitin tests determine whether blood is of human origin.

Genetics and Heredity

  • The gene is the basic unit of heredity, located on chromosomes, which are threadlike structures.
  • Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes in all nucleated cells, excluding reproductive cells.
  • A child’s sex is determined by the father.
  • Alleles are genes influencing specific characteristics located on chromosome pairs, and they can be homozygous (identical genes).

Semen and Reproductive Biology

  • The acid phosphatase color test is used to locate and characterize seminal stains.
  • Semen is identifiable microscopically by the presence of spermatozoa.
  • A low sperm count in males is termed oligospermia.
  • Prostate-specific antigen (p30) helps characterize semen.

DNA Transfer

  • DNA can be transferred via perspiration, indicating the presence of genetic material.
  • Seminal constituents can remain in the vagina for up to 6 hours after intercourse.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 14 of Biology. Explore key concepts related to blood classification, types, and characteristics, including definitions and true/false questions. Perfect for revision and enhancing your understanding of hematology.

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