Questions and Answers
Mitosis is responsible for what key process in multicellular eukaryotes?
During what phase of the cell cycle does the DNA become replicated?
What is the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome?
A chromatid is one half of a replicated chromosome, whereas a chromosome consists of DNA wrapped around proteins in a highly organized manner.
In which mitotic phase are the sister chromatids separated and pulled to opposite poles?
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In which mitotic phase do the chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begin to form?
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The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis is called _____
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MPF, or mitosis-promoting factor, consists of two important cell cycle regulatory proteins called _____
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Two important checkpoints that regulate the cell's progression through the cell cycle are _____
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What two types of defects does a cancerous cell possess?
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The defining characteristic of a malignant tumor is that _____
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Study Notes
Mitosis Overview
- Mitosis is crucial for reproduction, growth, and wound repair in multicellular eukaryotes.
- Key processes of mitosis ensure the production of two genetically identical daughter cells.
Cell Cycle Phases
- DNA replication occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle.
- G1 phase signifies the first gap before DNA synthesis, while G2 phase involves preparation for mitosis.
Chromatids vs. Chromosomes
- A chromatid is one half of a replicated chromosome, which consists of two identical sister chromatids.
- Chromosomes consist of DNA organized with proteins, whereas chromatids only represent the duplicate parts prior to separation.
Mitotic Phases
- Sister chromatids are separated during the anaphase.
- Chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle forms in prophase.
- Telophase follows anaphase, resulting in the formation of new nuclear membranes around separated chromatids.
Cytokinesis
- Cytokinesis refers to the division of the cytoplasm that occurs following mitosis, completing the cell division process.
Mitosis-Promoting Factor (MPF)
- MPF, essential for cell cycle regulation, consists of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) proteins.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Significant checkpoints are present at G1 and G2 phases, monitoring the cell's progression through the cell cycle and ensuring proper division.
Cancer Cell Characteristics
- Cancerous cells display defects that render growth-promoting proteins active while inhibiting tumor suppressor genes, contributing to uncontrolled cell division.
Malignant Tumors
- A defining feature of malignant tumors is their ability to metastasize, which means their cells can spread to other parts of the body unlike benign tumors that remain localized.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 11 of your biology textbook. Cover important concepts such as mitosis, the cell cycle, and the differences between chromatids and chromosomes. Perfect for studying and reviewing key terms and processes in cell biology.
