Biology Chapter 10: Cellular Respiration

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Questions and Answers

What is the net gain of ATP molecules from glycolysis when two pyruvic acid molecules are produced?

Two ATP molecules (correct)

One ATP molecule

Four ATP molecules

Three ATP molecules

Which compound does acetyl CoA combine with in the citric acid cycle?

Oxaloacetic acid (correct)

Citric acid

Pyruvic acid

Acetic acid

How many ATP molecules are produced during one complete cycle of the citric acid cycle?

One ATP molecule (correct)

Four ATP molecules

Three ATP molecules

Two ATP molecules

What key process occurs during oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize ATP?

Formation of a proton gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced during complete aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule?

36 ATP molecules Signup and view all the answers

What process is described as the conversion of sugar produced by photosynthesis into fats and proteins?

Assimilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the secondary metabolites like alkaloids and terpenoids?

Aid in plant growth and protection Signup and view all the answers

What types of molecules are produced during the digestion process within plant cells?

Small soluble molecules Signup and view all the answers

How does the temperature affect the respiration rate of plants?

Respiration rates double or triple with an increase from 20°C to 30°C. Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a by-product of aerobic respiration?

Carbon dioxide and water Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What substance is formed from pyruvic acid during aerobic respiration?

Acetyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hydrogen ions and electrons during aerobic respiration?

They are passed along an electron transport system. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affects respiration rates?

Temperature Signup and view all the answers

What does anaerobic respiration produce?

By-products like lactic acid or ethyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential for the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration?

Cytochromes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

Promote cell enlargement Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for promoting flowering in plants?

Gibberellins Signup and view all the answers

What effect does abscisic acid have on bud dormancy?

Causes buds to become dormant Signup and view all the answers

What is apical dominance?

Inhibition of lateral bud growth Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is synthesized from carotenoid pigments?

Abscisic acid Signup and view all the answers

What role does ethylene play in fruit ripening?

Hastens ripening Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plant movements is primarily driven by internal stimuli?

Nastic movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of synthetic auxin-like compounds such as 2,4-D?

Kill weeds Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of growth in biological terms?

An irreversible increase in volume due to cell division and enlargement. Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves changes in form due to both growth and differentiation?

Development Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones affect plant growth?

By influencing various plant activities, including growth and flowering. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes vitamins from hormones in plants?

Vitamins activate enzymes while hormones primarily regulate cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What was the key finding of Frits Went's experiment with coleoptiles?

Auxin diffuses from the tips to influence growth direction. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a coleoptile when an agar block with auxin is placed off center?

The coleoptile bends towards the agar block. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the major known types of plant hormones?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as a result of growth in cells outpacing their surface area?

Cells change their shape and function. Signup and view all the answers

What is apical dominance and how can it be altered?

It can be offset with an application of cytokinins. Signup and view all the answers

What effect do gibberellins have on cabbage plants?

They are necessary for tall growth and flowering. Signup and view all the answers

How does ethylene affect holly twigs?

It induces abscission of leaves. Signup and view all the answers

What are tropisms?

They are permanent growth movements directed by stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of turgor movements in plants?

Changes in internal water pressures. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plants will not flower under long-day conditions?

Short-day plants. Signup and view all the answers

What is photoperiodism?

A response of plants to the duration of day or night. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the leaves of a prayer plant at night?

They fold together due to sleep movements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the bending of stem tips toward light in plants?

Destruction of auxin on the exposed side. Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition did the green poinsettias not flower?

More than 10 hours of light per day. Signup and view all the answers

How does a short-day plant like cocklebur respond to differing light conditions?

It can flower if one leaf mimics short days. Signup and view all the answers

What are phytochromes primarily responsible for in plants?

Light sensitivity and responses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of gravitropism on the primary roots and shoots of plants?

Roots are positively gravitropic, shoots are negatively gravitropic. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Pfr in the dark?

It is converted to Pr over several hours. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a period of dormancy in plants?

Growth inactivity even with suitable conditions. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of the Coleus plant placed on its side, what is the observed response?

Stems bend upward, exhibiting negative gravitropism. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiration

Respiration occurs in mitochondria.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.
During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate.
The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytosol.
The electron transport chain occurs in mitochondria.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
Anaerobic respiration and fermentation do not require oxygen.
Fermentation produces lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Temperature, water availability, and oxygen levels affect respiration rates.
Respiration is a catabolic process.
Enzymes are involved in releasing energy from simple sugars and organic acids.
ATP stores released energy.

Additional Information on Respiration

Glycolysis requires no molecular oxygen.
In glycolysis, two phosphates are added to a 6-carbon sugar molecule, splitting it into two 3-carbon sugars (GA3P).
In glycolysis, energy, hydrogen, and water are removed from GA3P, producing pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis has a net gain of two ATP molecules.
Hydrogen and electrons from glycolysis are picked up by NAD, converting it to NADH.
In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid loses some CO2, becomes acetyl CoA, and enters the citric acid cycle.
The citric acid cycle involves enzyme-catalyzed reactions of organic acids.
During the citric acid cycle, two CO2 molecules are released.
During the citric acid cycle, hydrogen removed is picked up by FAD and NAD to produce ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP molecules from a single glucose molecule.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Answer questions related to ATP production, pyruvic acid, and the role of secondary metabolites. Test your understanding of energy conversion in living organisms.