Biology Chapter 10 Assessment Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What happens during the process of cell division?

Cells divide into two new daughter cells.

How can a cell's DNA limit the cell's size?

Larger cells will have to depend more on its DNA.

Define cell volume, cell surface area, and the ratio of surface area to volume.

Cell volume: amount of space in the cell; Cell surface area: total area of the cell membrane; Ratio of SA to volume: SA:Volume.

How is a cell's potential growth affected by its ratio of surface area to volume?

Volume increases faster than surface area, which can cause the ratio to decrease, potentially causing problems for the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how a cell's chromosomes change as a cell prepares to divide.

Well before cell division, each chromosome is replicated, resulting in two identical 'sister' chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between interphase and cell division?

Interphase is the time between cell divisions during which growth and preparation for cell division occurs. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize what happens during interphase.

Interphase is when cells grow and prepare for the cell cycle, including replication of chromosomes and production of organelles. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the following terms are related: DNA, centromere, chromosome, chromatid.

DNA contains genetic information; chromosomes are condensed chromatin containing DNA; chromatids are identical parts of a chromosome; centromeres are the centers that separate during mitosis. Signup and view all the answers

List the events of cell division in correct sequence and describe what happens during each event.

Prophase: chromosomes become visible and centrioles separate. Metaphase: chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Anaphase: chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite ends. Telophase: chromosomes begin to disperse. Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of chromosomes in the new cells compare with the number in the original cell at the end of cell division?

The number of chromosomes in each of the two new cells and the original are the same. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize what happens during the cell cycle.

During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, which begin the cycle again. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division Overview

Cell division results in two new daughter cells from a single parent cell.
Chromosomes are replicated prior to division, forming two identical sister chromatids.

DNA and Cell Size

Larger cells require greater reliance on their DNA for functions.
As cell size increases, the efficiency of DNA managing cellular activity may decline.

Cell Volume and Surface Area

Cell volume refers to the amount of space within the cell.
Cell surface area is the total area of the cell membrane.
The ratio of surface area to volume is crucial for cellular function; as volume increases faster than surface area, the ratio decreases, potentially limiting cell growth and function.

Interphase and Cell Division Relationship

Interphase is the phase between cell divisions, marked by growth and preparation for division.
Interphase is essential for cell function but does not include the actual division process.

Events of Interphase

During interphase, cells grow and replicate their DNA, synthesize proteins, and produce organelles necessary for division.
Key phases of interphase:
- G1 phase: Growth and synthesis of proteins/organelles.
- S phase: DNA replication.
- G2 phase: Preparation for mitosis, producing necessary molecules and organelles.

Chromosome Structure and Function

DNA constitutes the genetic material of the cell.
Chromosomes are condensed DNA structures found in the nucleus.
Chromatids are identical halves of a replicated chromosome, connected at the centromere.
Centromeres are the region where chromatids are joined and separate during mitosis.

Cell Cycle Phases and Events

Phases of mitosis:
- Prophase: Chromosomes become visible; centrioles position at opposite sides of the nucleus.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the cell's equatorial plane.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes begin to decondense, transitioning back to dense material.

Chromosome Number Post-Division

The number of chromosomes in the original cell and the two new daughter cells remains constant post-division.

Cell Cycle Recap

The cell cycle encompasses growth, DNA replication, and division into two daughter cells, which can restart the cycle.
The M phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis, completing the cell division process.

Description

Test your knowledge on cell division and DNA limitations with these flashcards from Biology Chapter 10. Each card provides essential definitions and concepts to help reinforce your understanding of cell structure and function. Perfect for revision before assessments!