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Questions and Answers
What happens during the process of cell division?
What happens during the process of cell division?
Cells divide into two new daughter cells.
How can a cell's DNA limit the cell's size?
How can a cell's DNA limit the cell's size?
Larger cells will have to depend more on its DNA.
Define cell volume, cell surface area, and the ratio of surface area to volume.
Define cell volume, cell surface area, and the ratio of surface area to volume.
Cell volume: amount of space in the cell; Cell surface area: total area of the cell membrane; Ratio of SA to volume: SA:Volume.
How is a cell's potential growth affected by its ratio of surface area to volume?
How is a cell's potential growth affected by its ratio of surface area to volume?
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Describe how a cell's chromosomes change as a cell prepares to divide.
Describe how a cell's chromosomes change as a cell prepares to divide.
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What is the relationship between interphase and cell division?
What is the relationship between interphase and cell division?
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Summarize what happens during interphase.
Summarize what happens during interphase.
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Explain how the following terms are related: DNA, centromere, chromosome, chromatid.
Explain how the following terms are related: DNA, centromere, chromosome, chromatid.
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List the events of cell division in correct sequence and describe what happens during each event.
List the events of cell division in correct sequence and describe what happens during each event.
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How does the number of chromosomes in the new cells compare with the number in the original cell at the end of cell division?
How does the number of chromosomes in the new cells compare with the number in the original cell at the end of cell division?
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Summarize what happens during the cell cycle.
Summarize what happens during the cell cycle.
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Study Notes
Cell Division Overview
- Cell division results in two new daughter cells from a single parent cell.
- Chromosomes are replicated prior to division, forming two identical sister chromatids.
DNA and Cell Size
- Larger cells require greater reliance on their DNA for functions.
- As cell size increases, the efficiency of DNA managing cellular activity may decline.
Cell Volume and Surface Area
- Cell volume refers to the amount of space within the cell.
- Cell surface area is the total area of the cell membrane.
- The ratio of surface area to volume is crucial for cellular function; as volume increases faster than surface area, the ratio decreases, potentially limiting cell growth and function.
Interphase and Cell Division Relationship
- Interphase is the phase between cell divisions, marked by growth and preparation for division.
- Interphase is essential for cell function but does not include the actual division process.
Events of Interphase
- During interphase, cells grow and replicate their DNA, synthesize proteins, and produce organelles necessary for division.
- Key phases of interphase:
- G1 phase: Growth and synthesis of proteins/organelles.
- S phase: DNA replication.
- G2 phase: Preparation for mitosis, producing necessary molecules and organelles.
Chromosome Structure and Function
- DNA constitutes the genetic material of the cell.
- Chromosomes are condensed DNA structures found in the nucleus.
- Chromatids are identical halves of a replicated chromosome, connected at the centromere.
- Centromeres are the region where chromatids are joined and separate during mitosis.
Cell Cycle Phases and Events
- Phases of mitosis:
- Prophase: Chromosomes become visible; centrioles position at opposite sides of the nucleus.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the cell's equatorial plane.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes begin to decondense, transitioning back to dense material.
Chromosome Number Post-Division
- The number of chromosomes in the original cell and the two new daughter cells remains constant post-division.
Cell Cycle Recap
- The cell cycle encompasses growth, DNA replication, and division into two daughter cells, which can restart the cycle.
- The M phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis, completing the cell division process.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell division and DNA limitations with these flashcards from Biology Chapter 10. Each card provides essential definitions and concepts to help reinforce your understanding of cell structure and function. Perfect for revision before assessments!
