Biology Chapter 1: Vocabulary and Respiratory System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

  • To filter waste products from the blood.
  • To produce necessary cells for reproduction. (correct)
  • To regulate body temperature.
  • To transport nutrients throughout the body.

    • During puberty, approximately how much can a girl grow in a single year?

  • Up to 12 cm (correct)
  • Up to 10 cm
  • Up to 14 cm
  • Up to 8 cm

    • Which of the following best describes the role of the sperm duct?

  • To provide nourishment for sperm cells.
  • To produce sperm cells.
  • To carry sperm from the testes to the penis. (correct)
  • To transfer sperm to the female’s genital tract.

    • Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>In the oviducts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is associated with bacteria?

    <p>Single-celled organisms found in diverse environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To provide an environment where the baby develops. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is primarily exhaled during respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the changes that occur during puberty?

    <p>Chemicals in the body called hormones. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a change experienced by girls during puberty?

    <p>Hips becoming wider. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

    <p>Aiding in breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a living organism that uses food from the environment to obtain energy?

    <p>Fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a component of the respiratory system?

    <p>The uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tiny living organisms that cannot be seen without a microscope?

    <p>Microorganisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of a male and female sex cell joining?

    <p>Fertilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of mucus as a barrier against infection?

    <p>It destroys germs on body surfaces and openings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT primarily associated with the changes that happen during puberty?

    <p>Increased lung capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Fertilization

    The process where a sperm cell and an egg cell fuse together to create a new living organism.

    Puberty

    The stage in life when a person's body undergoes physical changes and becomes capable of reproduction.

    Hormones

    Chemicals produced in the body that regulate various functions, including growth and development during puberty.

    Testes

    The male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm.

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    Ovaries

    The female reproductive organs that produce eggs.

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    Uterus (womb)

    The female reproductive organ where a baby develops during pregnancy.

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    Bacteria

    Single-celled organisms that can be found in various environments. Some cause diseases, while others are beneficial.

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    Viruses

    Non-living entities that replicate by infecting host cells.

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    What is carbon dioxide?

    A colorless gas that makes up part of the air. We breathe it out during respiration.

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    What is a parasite?

    Tiny organisms that can cause infection. They are often found in living organisms, and they cause disease.

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    What is a host in terms of parasites?

    A living thing that a parasite infects. Essentially, it's the 'host' the parasite lives in or on.

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    What happens during fertilization?

    The joining of a male sex cell (sperm) and a female sex cell (ova). This results in fertilization.

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    What happens during menstruation?

    The release of an unfertilized egg from the uterus, along with the uterine lining, during a woman's menstrual cycle.

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    What are hormones?

    Chemicals produced in the body that cause changes, especially the changes experienced during puberty.

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    What is the function of the respiratory system?

    The process of breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide.

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    What is the reproductive system?

    The parts of the body that are responsible for producing sex cells and allowing for reproduction.

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    Study Notes

    1.4-1.7 Words to Learn

    • Oxygen is a colorless gas, a component of air
    • Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas, exhaled during respiration, used by plants
    • A host is a living organism a parasite infects
    • Bacteria are organisms that can cause diseases living on/in another organism
    • A parasite is a small organism living on/in a host, sometimes causing infection
    • Fungi are living organisms that use the environment for energy
    • Infection is the transmission of a disease or illness
    • A vector is an organism, often an insect, that carries a disease from one organism to another
    • A physical barrier stops germs from entering the body (e.g., skin)
    • A chemical barrier destroys germs on the body's surface (e.g., mucus)
    • Mucus is a slimy substance in the body
    • Microorganisms (microbes) are tiny living organisms not visible to the naked eye

    1.2 The Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system allows breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
    • Organs include the nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm
    • Breathing involves inhaling (taking in air) and exhaling (expelling air)
    • The diaphragm is a muscle below the lungs that aids in breathing
    • Common respiratory issues include asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia
    • Good respiratory health involves avoiding smoking, ensuring good air quality, exercising, and practicing hygiene

    1.3 The Reproductive System - Key Facts About Puberty

    • Puberty is the stage where the body changes and the ability to reproduce develops
    • Boys typically experience puberty around 13, girls around 11
    • Changes are driven by hormones
    • Growth spurts occur during puberty (boys up to 10 cm/year, girls up to 12 cm/year)
    • Secondary sexual characteristics develop (hair growth, body shape changes, voice changes, etc.)

    Reproductive System's Role

    • The reproductive system produces the cells needed for reproduction
    • Boys produce sperm
    • Girls develop eggs (ova)

    Fertilization

    • Reproduction happens when a sperm and egg join together (fertilization) leading to a new baby

    Boys During Puberty

    • Boys' bodies begin producing sperm during puberty

    Girls During Puberty

    • Girls' bodies develop eggs
    • Menstruation (periods) typically starts about a year after puberty begins
    • Menstruation releases an unfertilized egg and uterine lining

    Male Reproductive System

    • Male Reproductive organs: testes, sperm ducts, penis
    • Testes produce sperm
    • Sperm ducts carry sperm to the penis
    • Penis transfers sperm to the female

    Female Reproductive System

    • Female Reproductive organs: ovaries, uterus, oviducts, birth canal
    • Ovaries produce eggs (ova)
    • Uterus is where the baby develops
    • Oviducts are where fertilization happens
    • Birth canal receives sperm and delivers the baby

    Microorganisms

    • Bacteria are single-celled organisms found in various environments, some causing disease, others being helpful.
    • Viruses are not considered living, replicating inside host cells
    • Fungi are multicellular organisms, important in decomposition

    1.4 Infectious Diseases

    • Infectious diseases are caused by tiny germs (bacteria, viruses, parasites) and spread from one organism to another
    • Germs spread through air, water, touch, and insects (e.g., mosquitoes)
    • Common signs of infections include fever, cough, tiredness, and stomach issues
    • Mucus in the nose, windpipe and other air passages traps germs.
    • Skin is a barrier to keep germs out and stomach acid kills germs in food

    Skin and Acid

    • Skin acts as a barrier against germs
    • Stomach acid kills germs in food

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    Related Documents

    1.4-1.7 Science Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential vocabulary related to the respiratory system and microorganisms, including definitions of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and infection. Test your understanding of the roles of various organisms in health and disease, and how barriers in the body function to protect against illness.

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