Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of science?

  • An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world (correct)
  • A collection of laws and theories
  • A tool used for experimentation
  • An unorganized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

What is observation?

Process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way using the senses

What is data?

Information gathered through observation or experimentation.

What is an inference?

<p>A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis?

<p>A proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spontaneous generation?

<p>Hypothesis stating that life could arise from nonliving matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a controlled experiment?

<p>An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an independent variable?

<p>The one thing that you are changing in the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dependent variable?

<p>A variable that changes in response to a change in the manipulated variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a theory?

<p>A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is biology?

<p>Science that seeks to understand the living world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cell?

<p>Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sexual reproduction?

<p>Process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is asexual reproduction?

<p>Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metabolism?

<p>All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stimulus?

<p>A signal to which an organism responds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis?

<p>Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is evolution?

<p>The ability of a group of organisms to change over time for survival in an ever-changing world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric system?

<p>A decimal system of measurements whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a microscope?

<p>An instrument that makes small objects look larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound light microscope?

<p>Microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an electron microscope?

<p>Microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cell culture?

<p>Group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cell fractionation?

<p>Technique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is science?

An organized way of using evidence to understand the natural world.

What is observation?

To gather information about events or processes by using our senses in a structured manner.

What is data?

The information we collect through observations or experiments.

What is an inference?

A logical explanation based on prior knowledge or experiences.

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What is a hypothesis?

A proposed scientific explanation for observations, a possible answer to a scientific question.

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What is spontaneous generation?

The hypothesis that life can emerge from nonliving matter.

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What is a controlled experiment?

An experiment where only one variable is changed at a time to ensure accurate results.

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What is an independent variable?

The variable that is intentionally changed in an experiment.

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What is a dependent variable?

The variable that responds to the changes made to the independent variable.

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What is a theory?

A long-tested hypothesis supported by a considerable amount of data, a well-substantiated explanation.

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What is biology?

The branch of science that studies living organisms and their interactions.

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What is a cell?

The basic unit of life, a living matter enclosed by a barrier.

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What is sexual reproduction?

Reproduction involving the union of cells from two parents, resulting in offspring with genetic variation.

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What is asexual reproduction?

Reproduction involving a single parent, resulting in offspring genetically identical to the parent.

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What is metabolism?

The entirety of chemical reactions occurring within an organism.

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What is a stimulus?

Any signal that prompts a response from an organism.

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What is homeostasis?

The ability of organisms to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment.

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What is evolution?

The capacity of species to adapt and change over time for survival.

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What is the metric system?

A measurement system based on multiples of ten, using physical standards.

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What is a microscope?

A tool designed to magnify small objects for detailed inspection.

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What is a compound light microscope?

A microscope that uses light passing through a specimen with two lenses to magnify.

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What is an electron microscope?

A microscope that uses focused beams of electrons to create an image of the specimen.

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What is cell culture?

A process of growing a group of cells from a single original cell in a nutrient-rich solution.

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What is cell fractionation?

A method for breaking cells into smaller parts and separating these components for study.

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Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Science: Organized method of using evidence to understand the natural world.
  • Observation: Collecting information about events or processes using the senses in an orderly manner.
  • Data: Information obtained through observation or experimentation.
  • Inference: Logical interpretation derived from prior knowledge or experience.
  • Hypothesis: Proposed scientific explanation for observations.
  • Spontaneous Generation: Hypothesis that life can emerge from nonliving matter.

Experimental Concepts

  • Controlled Experiment: An experimental setup where only one variable is changed at a time to ensure accurate results.
  • Independent Variable: The variable that is intentionally altered in an experiment.
  • Dependent Variable: The variable that responds to changes in the independent variable.

Scientific Theories and Biology

  • Theory: A long-tested hypothesis supported by a considerable amount of data.
  • Biology: The branch of science focused on understanding living organisms and their interactions.

Fundamental Biological Concepts

  • Cell: The basic unit of life, consisting of living matter enclosed by a barrier.
  • Sexual Reproduction: Reproductive process involving the union of cells from two parents, leading to new organisms.
  • Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction involving a single parent, producing offspring identical to the parent.

Life Processes

  • Metabolism: The entirety of chemical reactions occurring within an organism.
  • Stimulus: Any signal that prompts a response from an organism.
  • Homeostasis: The ability of organisms to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment.

Evolution and Measurement

  • Evolution: The capacity of species to adapt and change over time for survival.
  • Metric System: Measurement system based on multiples of ten, utilizing physical standards.

Microscopy Techniques

  • Microscope: Tool designed to magnify small objects for detailed inspection.
  • Compound Light Microscope: Utilizes light passing through a specimen with two lenses to magnify.
  • Electron Microscope: Employs focused beams of electrons to create an image of the specimen.

Cell Analysis Techniques

  • Cell Culture: Process of growing a group of cells from a single original cell in a nutrient-rich solution.
  • Cell Fractionation: Method for breaking cells into smaller parts and separating these components for study.

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This quiz features key terms and definitions from Biology Chapter 1. It covers essential concepts such as science, observation, data, and inference, providing a solid foundation for understanding biological methods. Perfect for reviewing before the exam!

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