Biology Chapter 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

  • All living things can respond to their environment.
  • All living things possess inherited information encoded in DNA.
  • All living things can maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
  • All living things are composed of more than one cell. (correct)

In a scientific experiment, the experimental group is different from the control group because:

  • The control group is always more diverse than the experimental group.
  • The experimental group is subjected to more variables than the control group.
  • The control group is always larger than the experimental group.
  • The experimental group receives the treatment, while the control group does not. (correct)

Which of the following BEST explains why an individual organism cannot evolve?

  • Natural selection operates on populations, not individuals. (correct)
  • Evolution only occurs through random chance mutations.
  • Individuals do not have enough genetic diversity to evolve.
  • Individuals can only evolve if they experience a sudden mutation.

Natural selection does not create new traits but rather:

<p>Eliminates traits that are harmful to the organism's survival. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the experimental group and the control group in a scientific experiment?

<p>The experimental group receives a specific treatment while the control group does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the radioactive isotope 32P and 31P?

<p>32P has one more neutron than 31P. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which ants create "devil's gardens"?

<p>Ants inject other tree species with formic acid, killing the leaves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the graph illustrate the effect of the ant's formic acid on the leaves of trees inside and outside of the devil's garden?

<p>The graph shows that leaves of trees inside the devil's garden are more susceptible to damage than leaves of trees outside the devil's garden. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If D. hirsuta trees, rather than the ants, released a chemical that prevented other trees from growing, what would you expect to see in the graph?

<p>The graph would show less dead leaf tissue inside the devil's garden compared to outside. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible benefit of D. hirsuta trees creating "devil's gardens"?

<p>D. hirsuta trees can access more nutrients and resources when competing with fewer other tree species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical composition of the environment is TRUE?

<p>The arrangement and bonding of atoms in a chemical can alter its properties and potentially make it harmful to the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains why farmers spray water on crops before an overnight freeze?

<p>The process of water freezing releases heat energy into the surrounding environment, helping to raise the temperature around the crops. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties of water is directly responsible for its ability to moderate temperature?

<p>Its ability to form hydrogen bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is expected to be polar?

<p>A molecule with two atoms of different electronegativity bonded together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between atoms and chemicals in regards to their impact on the environment?

<p>The arrangement of atoms in a molecule influences its properties, and therefore, its potential impact on the environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Characteristics of Living Things

All living organisms possess traits such as DNA, responsiveness, homeostasis, evolution, and cellular composition.

Experimental Group

The group in an experiment that is exposed to the test conditions or changes in variables.

Control Group

The group in an experiment that serves as a benchmark and does not change under test conditions.

Natural Selection

The process by which certain traits become more common in a population due to better survival rates.

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Evolving Individual vs. Population

An individual cannot evolve; only populations can change through natural selection over generations.

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Chemical Contaminants

Chemicals made up of atoms that can harm the environment by having different properties than natural elements.

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Polar Molecules

Molecules with unequal sharing of electrons, leading to partial charges. Examples include water.

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32P vs 31P

32P has one more neutron than 31P.

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Hydrogen Bonding in Water

Attraction between water molecules due to polar nature, causing unique properties like high heat capacity.

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Formic acid

A chemical used by ants to kill nonhost trees.

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High Heat Capacity

Water's ability to absorb and store large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change.

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Duroia hirsuta

A tree species that influences its environment via ants.

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Graph interpretation

Graph shows dead leaf tissue in various conditions.

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Protecting Crops with Water

Farmers spray water before freezing to leverage energy transfer when water freezes, releasing heat.

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Chemical release hypothesis

D. hirsuta trees may release a chemical preventing growth.

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Study Notes

Review Questions and In-Class Activities

  • Unit 1 review questions are provided.
  • Lecture 1 review questions are included.
  • Lecture 2 review questions are listed and address why individuals cannot evolve.
  • Lecture 3 review questions include a multiple choice about isotopes.
  • Lecture 6 review questions target the role of proteins in bodily functions.
  • Activity 3 questions focuses on responding to a statement about contamination and the environment.
  • Activity 4 explains the use of water spraying on crops before a freeze.
  • Graphs and tables might be included in the study materials, but these were not displayed in the OCR output.

Review Questions from Lecture 1

  • Question 1: Which of the following is NOT characteristic of living things?:

    • The correct answer is (e): All living things are not composed of more than one cell (some are single-celled).

  • Question 2: What is the difference between an experimental group and a control group in a scientific experiment?:

    • The experimental group experiences the test conditions, while the control group serves as a reference, not experiencing the test conditions. The experimental group experiences changes in variables, and the control group does not.

Review Question for Lecture 2

  • Question: Why cannot an individual organism evolve?
    • Natural selection edits or selects for traits already present in a population.
    • Individuals with traits improving survival pass along these traits to their offspring.
    • Over time, population traits change.

Review Questions from Lecture 3

  • Question 1: Compared to 31P, the radioactive isotope 32P has:
    • One more neutron.

Activity 3

  • How would you respond to the statement "We don't need to worry about industry or agriculture contaminating the environment..."?
    • Respond by stating that just because chemicals are made of atoms, doesn't mean they are good for the environment.
    • Chemicals have different properties than atoms.
    • Chemicals might be made of the same atoms in different structures, causing harm.

Review Questions from Lecture 5

  • Question 1: Why do two hydrocarbons with the same formula (e.g., C₄H₁₀) behave differently?:

    • The arrangement of atoms is different.
    • Examples include straight-chain, branched, or ring structures.
    • These different structures make them isomers.

  • Question 2: Describe a dehydration reaction. What molecule(s) is formed?:

    • A dehydration reaction combines two molecules, removing a water molecule (H₂O) in the process.
    • A hydroxyl group (OH) from one molecule and a hydrogen atom (H) from another one are removed.
    • A larger molecule, a polymer, is formed from the joining of the two monomers.

Review Questions from Lecture 6

  • Question 2: In what function does protein structure play a crucial role?:
    • All of the listed functions: movement of muscles, catalyzing biochemical reactions, and carrying nutrients.

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