Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of bond is primarily responsible for the high surface tension of water?
What type of bond is primarily responsible for the high surface tension of water?
- Hydrophobic interactions between water molecules.
- Hydrogen bonds between water molecules. (correct)
- Covalent bonds within a water molecule.
- Ionic bonds between water molecules.
Capillary action, which enables water to move up a plant stem, is a result of which two phenomena?
Capillary action, which enables water to move up a plant stem, is a result of which two phenomena?
- Cohesion and surface tension.
- Polarity and covalent bonding.
- Adhesion and hydrogen bonding.
- Cohesion and adhesion. (correct)
What property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, and why?
What property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, and why?
- Its high specific heat capacity, resulting from strong covalent bonds.
- Its non-polar nature, due to equal charge distribution.
- Its low boiling point, which facilitates molecular separation.
- Its polar nature, due to positive and negative ends. (correct)
Which of the following lists the three elements found in every carbon compound/macromolecule?
Which of the following lists the three elements found in every carbon compound/macromolecule?
Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its primary function?
Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its primary function?
Which variable is deliberately changed by a scientist to examine its effect on another variable?
Which variable is deliberately changed by a scientist to examine its effect on another variable?
Data that is described using observations, like color, texture and smell would be what type of data?
Data that is described using observations, like color, texture and smell would be what type of data?
Which characteristic of life describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?
Which characteristic of life describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?
What is a necessary characteristic of a useful scientific hypothesis?
What is a necessary characteristic of a useful scientific hypothesis?
If an organism reproduces, creating an offspring that is genetically identical to itself, what type of reproduction is it?
If an organism reproduces, creating an offspring that is genetically identical to itself, what type of reproduction is it?
A statement about what a scientist believes will occur during an experiment, based on previous knowledge is what?
A statement about what a scientist believes will occur during an experiment, based on previous knowledge is what?
All of the following are characteristics/patterns of life, EXCEPT which one?
All of the following are characteristics/patterns of life, EXCEPT which one?
Which variable is measured or observed in an experiment and changes in response to the manipulated variable?
Which variable is measured or observed in an experiment and changes in response to the manipulated variable?
Flashcards
Independent Variable
Independent Variable
The variable that is changed or controlled by the scientist to test its effect.
Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
The variable being measured or observed; it depends on the independent variable.
Controlled Variable
Controlled Variable
Variables that remain constant to ensure that the experiment is fair and results are reliable.
Qualitative Data
Qualitative Data
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Quantitative Data
Quantitative Data
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Hypothesis
Hypothesis
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Prediction
Prediction
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Covalent bond
Covalent bond
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Hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bond
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Cohesion
Cohesion
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Adhesion
Adhesion
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Capillary action
Capillary action
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Study Notes
Scientific Variables
- Independent variable: The variable manipulated by the scientist to observe its effect.
- Dependent variable: The variable being measured, which depends on the independent variable.
- Controlled variable: Variables kept constant to ensure a fair experiment.
Types of Data
- Qualitative data: Descriptive data based on observations (e.g., color, texture).
- Quantitative data: Numerical data that can be measured (e.g., height, temperature).
Characteristics of Life
- Cellular organization: Living things are made of cells (e.g., humans).
- Metabolism: Using energy for life processes (e.g., animals converting food to energy).
- Reproduction: Producing offspring (e.g., humans having babies).
- Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment (e.g., regulating body temperature).
- Growth and development: Organisms change over time (e.g., a seed growing into a tree).
- Response to stimuli: Organisms react to their environment (e.g., plants growing toward light).
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
Hypothesis
- A hypothesis is an educated guess or explanation that can be tested.
- A useful hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable.
Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction: One parent produces genetically identical offspring (e.g., bacteria).
- Sexual reproduction: Two parents combine genetic material to create genetically unique offspring (e.g., humans).
Prediction
- A prediction is a statement about what will happen in an experiment or situation, based on a hypothesis.
Water Bonds
- Covalent bonds: Bonds within a water molecule (H2O).
- Hydrogen bonds: Bonds between water molecules, causing cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion and Adhesion
- Cohesion: Water molecules sticking to each other (e.g., water droplets).
- Adhesion: Water molecules sticking to other surfaces (e.g., water sticking to glass).
- Both involve water interacting with other things.
Capillary Action
- Capillary action: Water moving up narrow tubes or small spaces due to cohesion and adhesion. (e.g., water moving up plant roots and stems).
Water's Dissolving Properties
- Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve other charged or polar substances.
Carbon Compounds/Macromolecules Elements
- Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are found in all carbon compounds.
Carbon Compounds/Macromolecules Functions
- Carbohydrates: Provide quick energy (e.g., sugars, starch).
- Lipids: Store energy, insulate, and create cell membranes (e.g., fats, oils).
- Proteins: Build and repair tissues, aid in chemical reactions (e.g., enzymes, muscles).
- Nucleic acids: Store and transmit genetic information (e.g., DNA, RNA).
Monomer
- A monomer is a small molecule that combines to form a larger molecule (polymer). (e.g., glucose is a monomer forming starch).
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