Biology Chapter 1-5 Quiz

They allow organisms to survive and reproduce in their specific environments.

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.

A method used to determine if there is enough evidence to support a specific hypothesis.

<p>It suggests that long necks evolved to reach food in high trees, but was not supported by data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It proposes that long necks evolved as a result of sexual selection where males compete for mates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar covalent bonds have unequal sharing of electrons, while non-polar covalent bonds have equal sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The polarity of water molecules causes a positive hydrogen end to be attracted to the negative oxygen end of other water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonds form when there is a significant difference in electronegativity between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ice forms a crystalline structure that holds water molecules farther apart than in liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water's properties, such as cohesion, adhesion, and its solvent abilities, create a suitable environment for biochemical processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water has a bent molecular shape and an unequal distribution of electron density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water can absorb and release heat with little temperature change due to its high heat capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific arrangement of atoms in macromolecules defines their properties and biological roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strands run in opposite directions, allowing complementary base pairing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases and hydrophobic interactions between nucleotide bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trees primarily gain mass from carbon dioxide absorbed during photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon can form four covalent bonds with other atoms, allowing for extensive molecular diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isomers can have different biological effects, leading to potential therapeutic failures or adverse reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP provides readily available energy needed for various biochemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The structure defines its polarity, charge, and hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in primary structure can lead to alterations in a protein's shape and functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates how genetic mutations at the molecular level can affect the function of cells and overall organism health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5’ and 3’ refer to the direction of the sugar-phosphate backbone, indicating the orientation of the DNA strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes perform specific functions crucial for cell life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes duplicate and condense during the cell cycle, becoming visible during certain phases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different stages show distinct chromosomal configurations, such as unreplicated or replicated chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A replicated chromosome appears as two sister chromatids joined at the centromere; an unreplicated chromosome appears as a single chromatid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes undergo precise movements to ensure correct segregation during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell cycle control system is a series of checkpoints that regulate progression through the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory proteins for the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, creating haploid gametes from diploid parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis increases genetic variation through independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mules are hybrids of horses and donkeys, having an uneven number of chromosomes, which makes meiosis impossible.</p> Signup and view all the answers