Biology Chapter 1-5 Quiz

Exam Structure

• Term Test 1 duration: 45 minutes.
• Format: 20 multiple choice questions, 1 short answer, 1 long answer.
• Suggested time allocation: 30 minutes (multiple choice), 5 minutes (short answer), 10 minutes (long answer).

Learning Outcomes Overview

• Learning outcomes will form the basis of multiple choice questions and may also be reflected in the final exam.
• Long answer question will involve designing an experiment.

Chapter 1: Evolution

• Environmental adaptations result from evolutionary processes.
• Different levels of biological hierarchy should be identified and exemplified.
• Hypothesis testing is a critical method in biology.
• Food competition hypothesis for giraffes' long necks was not supported by evidence.
• Sexual competition hypothesis offers an alternative perspective on giraffe neck evolution.

Chapter 2-5: Water, Carbon, and Macromolecules

• Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds should be compared.
• Polar covalent bonds differ from non-polar covalent bonds.
• Polar covalent bonds in water facilitate hydrogen bonding.
• Ice is less dense than liquid water due to unique molecular bonding.
• Properties of water are essential for supporting life.
• Water’s polarity enables temperature moderation.
• Four categories of macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) must be described and their structures related to function.
• Nucleotides are the fundamental units of nucleic acids.
• DNA strands are anti-parallel because of their structure.
• The stability of the DNA double helix is maintained by specific molecular forces.
• Trees acquire mass primarily from carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.
• Carbon's versatility allows for the formation of diverse organic molecules.
• Isomer function is critical for pharmaceutical efficacy.
• ATP serves as a vital energy source for cellular processes.
• Amino acid behavior (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) is dictated by their structure.
• Changes in primary protein structure can drastically alter protein function.
• Sickle-cell disease demonstrates implications across biological hierarchy.
• DNA strands are characterized by 5’ and 3’ ends.

Chapter 6: Inside the Cell

• Key differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• Cellular organelles vary in structure and function; their interrelation is crucial.
• The endomembrane system components must be recognized.
• Plasma membrane structure plays a vital role in cell functionality.

Chapter 12: Mitosis

• Chromosomal structure changes throughout the cell cycle.
• Identifying cell cycle stages relies on chromosomal observation.
• Understanding replicated versus un-replicated chromosomes is essential.
• Chromosome movement is critical during cell division.
• The cell cycle control system regulates division processes.
• Regulatory proteins oversee cell cycle checkpoints.

Chapter 13: Meiosis

• Meiosis is referred to as “reduction division” due to chromosome number halving.
• Genetic variation is enhanced through meiosis mechanisms.
• Mules are sterile due to their hybrid chromosomal configuration.
• Genetic variation arises from independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization of gametes.