Biology: Cells and Organelles

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of life?

  • Organ
  • Cell (correct)
  • Organ system
  • Tissue

What is the typical size range of most cells in diameter?

  • 100-1000 μm
  • 0.1-1 μm
  • 1000-10000 μm
  • 1-100 μm (correct)

What is the characteristic of all cells that contains DNA?

  • Organelles
  • Protoplasm
  • Cytosol
  • Nucleus (correct)

What type of cell lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

<p>Prokaryotic cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cell contents in a thick fluid?

<p>Protoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surrounding structure of a cell that is semi-permeable?

<p>Plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of receptors in membrane proteins?

<p>To recognize and respond to signaling molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a mutation in the CFTR protein?

<p>Impaired transport of chloride ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the cell membrane in prokaryotes?

<p>Absence of carbohydrates and sterols (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carrier proteins?

<p>To transport molecules across the membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the plasma membrane?

<p>It is selectively permeable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane protein is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer?

<p>Integral membrane protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>To selectively allow substances into the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

<p>The presence of a nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of substances through the cell membrane?

<p>Membrane transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

<p>To increase the fluidity of the membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest free-living organisms that are considered to be the simplest of bacteria?

<p>Mycoplasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why Mycoplasma contamination is a major issue in cell culture?

<p>It can cause changes in cell metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microfilaments in muscle cells?

<p>To induce muscle cell contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of chromatin?

<p>DNA and proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope?

<p>To permit exchange between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intermediate filaments?

<p>To provide mechanical support to the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microvilli?

<p>To increase the surface area of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfilaments in a cell?

<p>To provide mechanical support and anchor organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nucleolus in the nucleus?

<p>To produce ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

<p>To digest and recycle cellular waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of peroxisomes in a cell?

<p>To catalyze reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

<p>To store water and food wastes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>To synthesize proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

<p>To provide mechanical support and anchor organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of kinesin in a cell?

<p>To position organelles in the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in a cell?

<p>To move substances outside human cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella in a cell?

<p>To move substances outside human cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of basal bodies in a cell?

<p>To play a role in cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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