Biology: Cells and Organelles

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What is the basic unit of life?

Organ

Cell (correct)

Organ system

Tissue

What is the typical size range of most cells in diameter?

100-1000 μm

0.1-1 μm

1000-10000 μm

1-100 μm (correct)

What is the characteristic of all cells that contains DNA?

Organelles

Protoplasm

Cytosol

Nucleus (correct)

What type of cell lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cell contents in a thick fluid?

Protoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the surrounding structure of a cell that is semi-permeable?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of receptors in membrane proteins?

To recognize and respond to signaling molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a mutation in the CFTR protein?

Impaired transport of chloride ions Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the cell membrane in prokaryotes?

Absence of carbohydrates and sterols Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carrier proteins?

To transport molecules across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the plasma membrane?

It is selectively permeable Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane protein is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer?

Integral membrane protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To selectively allow substances into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

The presence of a nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of substances through the cell membrane?

Membrane transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

To increase the fluidity of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest free-living organisms that are considered to be the simplest of bacteria?

Mycoplasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why Mycoplasma contamination is a major issue in cell culture?

It can cause changes in cell metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microfilaments in muscle cells?

To induce muscle cell contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of chromatin?

DNA and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope?

To permit exchange between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intermediate filaments?

To provide mechanical support to the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microvilli?

To increase the surface area of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfilaments in a cell?

To provide mechanical support and anchor organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nucleolus in the nucleus?

To produce ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

To digest and recycle cellular waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of peroxisomes in a cell?

To catalyze reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

To store water and food wastes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

To synthesize proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?