Biology: Cell Types and Functions
16 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell and is responsible for energy release?

Mitochondria

How is the structure of red blood cells adapted to their function in transporting oxygen?

They have a biconcave shape for greater surface area and lack a nucleus to maximize hemoglobin content.

What distinguishes phagocyte blood cells in terms of structure and function?

They have a flexible shape to engulf microorganisms and a lobed nucleus for adaptability.

What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?

<p>Lymphocytes produce specific antibodies to neutralize pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the structure of nerve cells (neurons) support their function?

<p>Neurons have elongated structures with many branches to connect and transmit nerve impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe a key feature of sperm cells that enables them to fertilize an egg.

<p>Sperm cells have a long tail for swimming and enzymes in the head to penetrate the ovum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary function does the mitochondria perform in the cell?

<p>They release energy through the process of respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?

<p>They lack a nucleus to create more space for hemoglobin, which carries oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mitochondria in the mid section of sperm cells?

<p>To release energy for locomotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of root hair cells?

<p>To absorb minerals and water from the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do palisade cells contribute to photosynthesis?

<p>They contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ciliated cells play in the respiratory system?

<p>They waft mucus with trapped dust and bacteria back up to be swallowed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of an egg cell (ovum) that support embryo development?

<p>A large amount of cytoplasm with organelles serves as an energy source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of guard cells helps regulate gas exchange?

<p>They control the opening and closing of stomata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is magnification defined in relation to images and objects?

<p>Magnification is the number of times larger an image is compared with the real size of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to ciliated cells if a person smokes?

<p>The cilia may die, leading to mucus buildup and smoker's cough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Starter Activity

  • Students need to answer a question.
  • The answers are written on mini white boards.

Mitochondria

  • Known as the powerhouse of the cell.
  • Releases energy through respiration.
  • Contains DNA, controlling cell activities.
  • Responsible for protein synthesis.
  • Found in all prokaryotes but only some eukaryotes.
  • Present in plant cells, algae, and some prokaryotes.

Learning Objectives

  • Understanding specialised cells and magnification calculations.
  • Describing how specialised cells are adapted to their function.

Cell Types (Images)

  • Diagrams show a phagocyte and a lymphocyte.
  • Labelled parts include the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Red Blood Cells

  • Structure:
    • Biconcave shape for greater surface area (diffusion of oxygen).
    • Contains haemoglobin (carries oxygen).
    • Lacks a nucleus (maximizes space for haemoglobin).
    • Flexible shape to fit through capillaries.
  • Function:
    • Carry oxygen from lungs to body, and carbon dioxide back to lungs.

Phagocyte

  • Structure:
    • Flexible shape to engulf microorganisms.
    • Lobed nucleus.
  • Function:
    • Found in blood.
    • Attracted to diseases, bacteria.
    • Engulfs bacteria/pathogens, preventing infection.

B Lymphocyte

  • Structure:
    • White blood cell with surface receptors.
  • Function:
    • Produces antibodies to destroy pathogens (recognising antigens).
    • Reproduces rapidly, making copies of antibodies to neutralize pathogens.

Neuron

  • Structure:
    • Elongated cells (long cells).
    • Branches at both ends to connect to other nerve cells.
    • Long axon (main branch) covered in myelin sheath (fat) - preventing electrical impulses from affecting surrounding parts of the body.
  • Function:
    • Carry nerve impulses throughout the body.

Sperm Cell

  • Structure:
    • Long tail for movement.
    • Enzymes (acrosome) to penetrate the ovum.
    • Many mitochondria for energy.
    • Made in male testes.
  • Function:
    • Carry genetic material (DNA) to fertilize the egg.

Root Hair Cell

  • Structure:
    • Large surface area to absorb water.
    • Thin cell wall for easy water passage.
    • Lacks chloroplasts.
    • May contain many mitochondria for active transport of mineral ions.
  • Function:
    • Absorbs minerals and water from soil.

Palisade Cell

  • Structure:
    • Tall shape with large surface area to capture sunlight.
    • Packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
    • Located beneath the epidermis to allow light passage.
    • Regular shape for packing in a small area.
  • Function:
    • Perform photosynthesis.

Ciliated Cell

  • Structure:
    • Lines air passages and oviducts.
    • Tiny hairs (cilia).
  • Function:
    • Prevents lung damage.
    • Moves mucus with trapped dust/bacteria to throat for swallowing.
    • Smoking can damage cilia and affect mucus removal.

Ovum (Egg Cell)

  • Structure:
    • Cytoplasm with organelles.
    • Protective coat.
  • Function:
    • Energy source for developing embryo.
    • Contains mother's genetic material for fertilization.

Rods and Cones

  • Structure (Rods and Cones):
    • Outer segments contain photosensitive chemicals.
    • Nucleus present.
  • Description includes differences:
    • specialized receptors in the eye

Guard Cells

  • Structure:
    • Contain chloroplasts.
    • Thin outer wall, thick inner wall.
    • Control the opening and closing of stomata (pores in leaves).
  • Function:
    • Regulate gas exchange and water loss in plants.

Magnification Calculations

  • Formula: Magnification = Size of image / Actual size of specimen.
  • Triangle diagram to illustrate the relation between these factors.
  • Methods to convert between units (e.g., mm, μm, nm)
  • Examples: Conversion between units to convert a size.

Additional Information: Microscopy units

  • There are three units: millimetre (mm), micrometre (μm), and nanometre (nm).
  • Conversion factors: 1 metre = 1000 mm, 1 mm = 1000 μm, 1 μm = 1000 nm
  • Instructions to multiply/divide based on the conversion.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Specialised Cells & Magnification Calculations 9.3 PDF

Description

This quiz focuses on cellular structures and their specialized functions, highlighting the role of mitochondria, red blood cells, and immune cells. Students will explore the adaptations of these cells and practice magnification calculations. Test your understanding of cellular biology through engaging questions and diagrams.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser