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Cell Biology: Mitochondria and Cellular Metabolism
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Cell Biology: Mitochondria and Cellular Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in cellular metabolism?

  • To regulate the exchange of molecules between compartments
  • To provide mechanical strength to specialized tissues
  • To generate and store energy in the form of ATP (correct)
  • To synthesize proteins
  • Which type of cellular respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen?

  • Aerobic respiration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Fermentation
  • Anaerobic respiration (correct)
  • What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in cellular metabolism?

  • To regulate the exchange of molecules between compartments
  • To generate energy in the form of ATP
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To maintain the cell's shape and internal organization (correct)
  • Which type of tissue provides general structure, mechanical strength, and physical support for specialized tissues?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ribosomes present in mitochondria?

    <p>To synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the epithelial tissue?

    <p>To form a protective barrier and regulate molecular exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bone tissue in the human body?

    <p>To provide a rigid protective and supporting framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of muscle tissue in the human body?

    <p>To generate force through contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>To control the flow of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport requires energy?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when water travels through a selective permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of solutes?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell division occurs in sexual organs and leads to the formation of gametes?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a cell passes through an ordered series of events in which the cell duplicates its contents and divides into two cells?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cytoplasm?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

    <p>To transport molecules against the concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when cells divide to replace lost cells?

    <p>Cell replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate duration of mitosis in a 24-hour time span?

    <p>1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human cells?

    <p>23 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Packaging proteins into secretory vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between free ribosomes and attached ribosomes?

    <p>Free ribosomes are floating in the cytoplasm, while attached ribosomes are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lysosomes in cellular processes?

    <p>Breakdown of old organelles and digestion of foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of peroxisomes?

    <p>Detoxification of harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of stages in mitosis?

    <p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of meiosis in reproduction?

    <p>To ensure the correct number of chromosomes in the resulting zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Structure and Function

    • Mitochondria: powerhouses of the cell, surrounded by double lipid bilayer membrane, participate in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, contain own RNA, DNA, and ribosomes
    • ATP: stores and transfers energy

    Cellular Metabolism

    • Anabolism: energy-using process that constructs molecules
    • Catabolism: energy-releasing process that deconstructs molecules
    • Cellular respiration: two types - aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen, unsustainable for a long period)

    Tissues

    • Basic tissue types: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue
    • Epithelial tissue: diverse group that includes surface epithelia and solid organs, functions include forming a protective barrier, regulating molecule exchange, and synthesizing and secreting glandular products
    • Connective tissue: provides structure, mechanical strength, space-filling, and physical and metabolic support for specialized tissues, with three structural properties: tensile strength, elasticity, and volume
    • Specialized connective tissues: bone and cartilage, providing a rigid protective and supporting framework and smooth articular surfaces at bone ends

    Cell Membrane and Transport

    • Plasma membrane: composed of phospholipids, acts as a barrier, controls substance flow, and participates in intercellular signaling
    • Passive transport: does not require energy, includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration
    • Active transport: requires energy, includes active transport carriers (pumps) and transport by vesicle formation
    • Cytoplasm: ground substance/matrix containing various cellular components, 75-90% water plus solid compounds, and site of chemical reactions

    Cell Nucleus and Division

    • Nucleus: contains DNA, often referred to as the "brain of the cell"
    • Cell division: occurs through mitosis (somatic cells) and meiosis (sex cells)
    • Mitosis: consists of four stages - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by interphase (G1, S, and G2 sub-phases)
    • Meiosis: occurs in sexual organs, testes, and ovaries, leading to gamete formation, and consists of eight stages (two cycles of cell division)

    Cell Organelles

    • Endoplasmic reticulum: membranous network around the nucleus, site of protein synthesis, with smooth and rough ER
    • Ribosome: site of protein synthesis, made of RNA and protein, with free and attached ribosomes
    • Golgi apparatus: network of flattened, smooth membranes, packages proteins from the ER into secretory vesicles
    • Lysosomes: storage vesicles containing enzymes, break down old organelles and digest foreign substances, play a role in apoptosis
    • Peroxisomes: similar to lysosomes, but smaller, involved in detoxification and neutralizing free radicals

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    SBI241 - Week 1 .docx

    Description

    This quiz covers the structure and function of mitochondria, including their role in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. It also touches on cellular metabolism, including anabolism and catabolism.

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