Biology Cell Structure and Function Quiz

Cell Membrane Functions

• Acts as a protective barrier, regulating the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.
• Maintains homeostasis by controlling the internal environment and responding to changes in the external environment.
• Contains proteins that facilitate communication, signaling, and transport across the membrane.

ATP Production

• Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
• ATP is generated through cellular respiration, which includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
• Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in energy metabolism.

Genetic Information Transmission

• The process of DNA replication, transcription, and translation is essential for the transmission of genetic information.
• DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis, which then guides protein synthesis.
• These processes ensure that genetic information is accurately passed on during cell division and throughout an organism’s development.

Basic Unit of Life

• The cell is the basic unit of life in all living organisms.
• Cells can exist as single-celled organisms (like bacteria) or as part of multicellular organisms (like plants and animals).
• All cellular functions are carried out within cells, from metabolism to growth and reproduction.

Amino Acid Bonds

• Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids in a protein.
• These covalent bonds link the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another, releasing water in the process (condensation reaction).
• The sequence and structure of amino acids determine the protein's function and properties.