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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
What is the term for a carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides?
What is the term for a carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides?
Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells?
Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells?
What is the term for the overall 3D shape of a protein?
What is the term for the overall 3D shape of a protein?
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What is a characteristic of lipids?
What is a characteristic of lipids?
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What is the building block of proteins?
What is the building block of proteins?
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What is the primary function of starch in plants?
What is the primary function of starch in plants?
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Which lipid type is a major component of cell membranes?
Which lipid type is a major component of cell membranes?
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What is the primary function of glycogen in animals?
What is the primary function of glycogen in animals?
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What is the primary function of DNA?
What is the primary function of DNA?
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What is the structure of DNA?
What is the structure of DNA?
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What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Definition: Carbohydrates are biological molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, typically in a 1:2:1 ratio.
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Functions:
- Provide energy for cells
- Serve as structural components of cells
- Act as energy storage molecules
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Types:
- Monosaccharides: Simple sugars, e.g., glucose, fructose
- Disaccharides: Composed of two monosaccharides, e.g., sucrose (glucose + fructose)
- Polysaccharides: Composed of many monosaccharides, e.g., starch, cellulose
Proteins
- Definition: Proteins are biological molecules composed of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
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Functions:
- Catalyze metabolic reactions as enzymes
- Regulate gene expression
- Maintain cell shape and structure
- Transport molecules across cell membranes
- Respond to stimuli
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Structure:
- Primary structure: Sequence of amino acids
- Secondary structure: Local arrangements of amino acids, e.g., alpha helix, beta sheet
- Tertiary structure: Overall 3D shape of the protein
- Quaternary structure: Interaction between multiple polypeptide chains
Lipids
- Definition: Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in water and are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with or without oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements.
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Functions:
- Energy storage
- Cell membrane structure
- Hormone regulation
- Vitamin absorption
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Types:
- Fats: Energy storage molecules, e.g., triglycerides
- Phospholipids: Major component of cell membranes, e.g., phosphatidylcholine
- Steroids: Hormone regulation, e.g., cholesterol
Polysaccharides
- Definition: Polysaccharides are carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharides linked together.
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Types:
- Starch: Energy storage molecule in plants
- Cellulose: Structural component of plant cell walls
- Glycogen: Energy storage molecule in animals
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Functions:
- Energy storage
- Structural components of cells
Nucleic Acids
- Definition: Nucleic acids are biological molecules that contain the genetic information of an organism.
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Types:
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): Genetic information storage
- RNA (Ribonucleic acid): Transcription and translation of genetic information
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Structure:
- Double helix: DNA double-stranded structure
- Nucleotides: Building blocks of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. It includes definitions, functions, and types of each biomolecule.
