Biology Chapter on Biomolecules and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen (correct)
  • Sucrose
  • Starch

    • Which monosaccharide is a component of RNA?

  • Ribose (correct)
  • Deoxyribose
  • Fructose
  • Glucose

    • Which of these is a disaccharide?

  • Fructose
  • Lactose (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Galactose

    • Which polysaccharide consists of straight chains of glucose linked by a-1,4-glycosidic bonds?

    <p>Amylose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sucrose is formed from monomers X and Y as shown in Figure below. Which of the following is Monomer X:

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond stabilizes the primary structure of proteins?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the tertiary structure of a protein?

    <p>Interactions between R-groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haemoglobin is an example of which level of protein structure?

    <p>Quaternary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid contains a sulfhydryl group in its side chain?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are primarily composed of:

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could not be an amino acid?

    <p>NH2 OH NH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of lipids is the primary component of biological membranes?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is involved in the breakdown of triglycerides?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fatty acid with one double bond is classified as:

    <p>Monounsaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which lipids are transported in the blood involves:

    <p>Chylomicrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

    <p>Lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sugar is present in DNA?

    <p>Deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of converting DNA to mRNA is called:

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nucleotide consists of:

    <p>A sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During glycolysis, glucose is converted into:

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway produces the most ATP?

    <p>Electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urea cycle occurs in which organ?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The breakdown of fatty acids to generate acetyl-CoA is called:

    <p>Beta-oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carnitine in metabolism?

    <p>Transports fatty acids into mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes increase reaction rates by:

    <p>Lowering activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP is primarily produced in the:

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in cellular respiration generates water?

    <p>Electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inhibitors that bind to the active site of an enzyme are classified as:

    <p>Competitive inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diagram below represents a simplified version of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. Which row correctly describes the events labelled 1-4 above?

    <p>Protons move across the cristae into the matrix Protons move across the cristae into the matrix Protons are pumped through ATP synthase ATP is phosphorylated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary substrate for glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In glycolysis, which enzyme converts fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main regulatory step of the glycolysis pathway is catalyzed by:

    <p>Phosphofructokinase-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in anaerobic conditions in human cells?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is to:

    <p>Produce NADH and FADH2 for oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme in gluconeogenesis bypasses the phosphofructokinase step of glycolysis?

    <p>Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fasting, gluconeogenesis is stimulated by which hormone?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is essential for transporting long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria?

    <p>Carnitine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue is catalyzed by:

    <p>Hormone-sensitive lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary product of beta-oxidation of fatty acids is:

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary site of ketogenesis is:

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive beta-oxidation of fatty acids can lead to:

    <p>Ketone body accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol is synthesized from:

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the synthesis of fatty acids, acetyl-CoA is first converted to:

    <p>Malonyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is inhibited by malonyl-CoA during fatty acid metabolism?

    <p>Carnitine acyltransferase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is a key nitrogen donor in amino acid transamination?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the removal of an amino group from glutamate?

    <p>Glutamate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urea cycle takes place primarily in:

    <p>Cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The toxic ammonia generated during amino acid metabolism is converted into:

    <p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During starvation, amino acids are primarily used to generate:

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glutamine in nitrogen metabolism?

    <p>Acts as a nitrogen carrier between tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The de novo synthesis of purines begins with:

    <p>Ribose-5-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in nucleotide metabolism?

    <p>Thymidylate synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the salvage pathway in nucleotide metabolism?

    <p>Recycling of purine and pyrimidine bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of PRPP (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate)?

    <p>PRPP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyses the first step of the urea cycle?

    <p>Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the DNA double helix, bases are held together by:

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA, adenine pairs with:

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates

    • Primary animal storage form: Glycogen
    • RNA component: Ribose
    • Disaccharide examples: Lactose
    • Polysaccharide with a-1,4-glycosidic bonds: Amylose
    • Gluconeogenesis: Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
    • Sucrose monomers: Glucose and fructose
    • Primary structure of proteins is stabilized by: Peptide bonds
    • Tertiary structure of protein is determined by: Interactions between R-groups

    Proteins

    • Amino acid with sulfhydryl group: Cysteine
    • Protein structure of haemoglobin: Quaternary
    • Enzyme composition: Primarily proteins

    Lipids

    • Primary component of biological membranes: Phospholipids
    • Lipid breakdown reaction: Hydrolysis
    • Fatty acid oxidation product: Acetyl-CoA

    Nucleic Acids

    • Nitrogenous base in RNA, not DNA: Uracil
    • DNA sugar: Deoxyribose
    • DNA to mRNA process: Transcription

    Metabolism

    • Glycolysis product: Pyruvate
    • ATP production pathway: Electron transport chain
    • Urea cycle location: Liver
    • Fatty acid breakdown process: Beta-oxidation
    • Nitrogen metabolism carrier: Glutamine
    • Gluconeogenesis stimulus: Glucagon

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    Mock Exam Biochemistry Module Revision PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as their roles in metabolism. This quiz covers key concepts such as glycosidic bonds, protein structures, and metabolic pathways like glycolysis. Dive into the essentials of biochemistry and challenge yourself!

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