Biology Basics Quiz

<p>RNA splicing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cluster of ribosomes translating the same mRNA strand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans don’t have the necessary enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptide bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Make proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus → mitochondria → ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detoxification of drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central vacuole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific and testable statement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Errors and biases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large polar molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons; ionic involve electron transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To link species through genetic data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction releases energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total count of protons and neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Makes reactions faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes negatively charged (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory is broader and supported by evidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow down the reaction rate by binding to the active site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose and oxygen molecules lack sufficient activation energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-polar covalent bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An energy-storing molecule needing charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>23 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black males, tortoiseshell females (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genes are close together on the same chromosome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform a reciprocal cross. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To replicate genetic material identically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow viral DNA to integrate into the host genome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA translation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hijack the host's replication mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It converts RNA into DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They introduce weakened or inactive pathogens to stimulate an immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reverse transcribe their RNA into DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By analyzing X-ray crystallography data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Archaea, E. coli, and bacteria do not have a nucleus.

DNA similarities reveal evolutionary connections between organisms.

A theory is broader, supported by evidence; a hypothesis is a testable, specific prediction.

The variable manipulated in a scientific experiment.

Critical thinking reduces errors and biases in science by encouraging different perspectives.

Atomic number plus the number of neutrons equals the atomic weight (mass).

Covalent bonds share electrons; ionic bonds transfer electrons.

A carbon atom can form a maximum of four covalent bonds.

The cell membrane is a flexible structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol.

A negative change in Gibbs free energy indicates that a reaction releases energy and is spontaneous (favored) under the given conditions.

Humans lack the enzyme cellulase, preventing them from digesting cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls.

A peptide bond links amino acids together, forming the backbone of proteins.

RNA is primarily responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information from DNA into functional proteins.

During centrifugation, denser components pellet out first: nucleus, then mitochondria, then ribosomes.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, responsible for assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) primarily detoxifies drugs and other harmful substances within cells.

The central vacuole occupies the largest volume in plant cells, playing a vital role in storage, support, and turgor pressure.

Plant cell walls are primarily composed of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that provides structural support.

DNA replication produces two new DNA molecules, each containing one original (old) strand and one newly synthesized strand.

After three cycles of DNA replication, 75% of the DNA strands are 'light' (containing only the lighter nitrogen isotope).

When a stop codon is encountered during translation, the ribosome halts protein synthesis and releases the completed protein.

A polysome is a cluster of ribosomes translating the same mRNA molecule, allowing for the efficient synthesis of multiple copies of the same protein.

The lysogenic cycle allows viral DNA to integrate into the host's genome, becoming a part of the host's DNA.

Retroviruses like HIV integrate their RNA into the host's genome by reverse transcribing it into DNA, using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

Vaccines introduce weakened or inactive pathogens to the immune system, triggering an immune response without causing the full disease.

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that converts RNA into DNA.

Watson and Crick used X-ray crystallography data from Rosalind Franklin to deduce the double helix structure of DNA.

If adenine (A) makes up 20% of the bases in DNA, then cytosine (C) also makes up 20%, because A always pairs with T and C with G.

DNA polymerase III is the enzyme responsible for elongating DNA strands during replication.

A human gamete (sperm or egg cell) contains 23 chromosomes, half the number of chromosomes in a normal human cell.

A cross between AaBB and aabb individuals can result in two different phenotypes, as the dominant allele 'A' will always express itself.

When a homozygous dominant individual (AA) is crossed with a heterozygous individual (Aa), 50% of the offspring will be homozygous dominant (AA).

A sex-linked recessive trait is carried on the X chromosome, and females have a 50% chance of inheriting the trait from a color-blind father.

The complementary DNA strand is the opposite sequence of a given strand, with A pairing with T, and C pairing with G.

If thymine makes up 15% of a DNA sample, then guanine will make up 35% because A and T, and C and G pair up in equal amounts.

Mitosis is used in cloning to create genetically identical copies of an organism, ensuring that the offspring has the same DNA as the parent.

A reciprocal cross involves switching the phenotypes of the parents to determine if a trait is sex-linked. For example, a female with yellow-body crossed with a male with red-body, then a female with red-body crossed with a male with yellow-body.