Biology and Occupational Health Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What factor is NOT used to determine the relative health hazard of an occupational contaminant?

  • Concentration of exposure
  • Duration of exposure
  • Probability of absorption
  • Age of exposed employees (correct)

What is the primary characteristic of a virus?

  • Contains DNA and RNA
  • Unicellular organism
  • Able to reproduce independently
  • Cannot grow outside a host cell (correct)

What is the main function of antibodies in the human body?

  • To fight foreign substances (correct)
  • To transport oxygen
  • To provide energy for cells
  • To absorb nutrients

Which layer of skin is referred to as the epidermis?

<p>Outer layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method involves selecting items based on specific characteristics and then randomly choosing from within those groups?

<p>Stratified sample (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cochlea in the inner ear?

<p>To convert fluid waves into electrical signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve carries signals from the cochlea to the brain?

<p>Cochlear nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the pressure exerted by a volatile liquid when it reaches equilibrium conditions?

<p>Vapor pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The organ of Corti is primarily associated with what function?

<p>Detection of sound frequencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress occurs when a material is twisted in one direction while the other end is held stationary?

<p>Torque stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method ensures each item from a population has an equal chance of being selected?

<p>Random sample (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tympanic membrane commonly known as?

<p>Eardrum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the vapor pressure of a liquid equal the atmospheric pressure?

<p>Boiling point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a cryogenic liquid?

<p>It has a boiling point below -150° C. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes exothermic reactions?

<p>They release heat and increase the temperature of their surroundings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress results from materials sliding against each other in opposite directions?

<p>Shear stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of descriptive statistics?

<p>To summarize population data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Type I error refer to in statistical hypothesis testing?

<p>Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anthropometry study?

<p>Proportions of the human body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a confidence interval?

<p>A statistical range that accounts for random error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of safety sampling?

<p>To measure the effectiveness of safety activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Type II error is correct?

<p>It occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted when it is false. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a histogram used to represent?

<p>The frequency distribution of a set of data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bronchioles in the respiratory system?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of gases in the alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes concurrent forces?

<p>They have a common point of intersection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes coplanar forces?

<p>They all act on a two-dimensional surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are isotopes of the same element defined?

<p>Atoms with different nuclear masses but the same number of protons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes tensile force?

<p>It tends to elongate the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hydrocarbon contains only single covalent bonds?

<p>Alkanes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gases with a molecular weight greater than 29?

<p>They will sink. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes alkynes from other hydrocarbons?

<p>Presence of triple bonds between carbon atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chemiluminescence?

<p>The emission of light during a noncombustible chemical reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'A' weighting network on a sound level meter?

<p>To simulate the response of the human ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When combining decibel levels from two noise sources differing by 3 dB, what should be added to the higher decibel level?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a noise dosimeter measure?

<p>Cumulative exposure to noise energy over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range typically measured by noise measuring equipment?

<p>20 - 20,000 Hz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the formula for percentage error, which of the following correctly describes EV and TV?

<p>EV is the experimental value and TV is the true value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is cumulative error calculated according to the provided formula?

<p>By squaring each error and then taking the square root of the total (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of instrument is primarily used for understanding the frequency spectrum of noise energy?

<p>Octave-Band Analyzer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the true value is 27% ppm and the experimental value is 33%, what is the error of measurement?

<p>22% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate total resistance in a series circuit?

<p>$R_t = R_1 + R_2 + R_3$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sound intensity and decibels when doubling sound intensity?

<p>It results in a 3 dB increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the WBGT calculated when considering solar load?

<p>WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + 0.1 DB (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is used to calculate power when considering force, distance, and time?

<p>$P = (force imes distance) / time$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of reducing the distance from a sound source on its sound pressure level?

<p>The SPL increases by 6 dB for each halving of distance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the adiabatic lapse rate refer to?

<p>The decrease in air temperature with increasing altitude. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when two sound intensities of 70 dB are combined?

<p>The total sound intensity is approximately 73 dB. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the total resistance in parallel circuits?

<p>$1/R_t = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Descriptive Statistics

Statistics that summarize population data.

Safety Sampling

A technique that uses statistics to measure the effectiveness of line manager safety activities.

Type I Error (Alpha)

A false positive result - rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Type II Error (Beta)

A false negative result - accepting the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

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Anthropometry

The scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.

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Kinesiology

The study of human movement.

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Physiology

The study of body function.

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Histogram

A graph that represents the frequency distribution of a set of data, often used for incidents.

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Random sample

Each item in a population has an equal chance of being chosen.

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Cluster sample

Items are grouped by similar traits, and a random group is selected.

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Stratified sample

Items are grouped by similar traits, and a random sample is taken from each group.

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Systematic sample

Items are selected based on factors like time, location, or position.

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Tensile stress

The force that pulls or stretches a material apart.

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Shear stress

The force that causes a material to slide against itself in opposite directions.

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Compression stress

The force that squeezes or compresses a material.

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Vapor pressure

The pressure exerted by a volatile liquid at equilibrium.

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Factors determining occupational contaminant health hazard

The concentration of exposure, probability of absorption, ingestion, or inhalation, and duration of exposure are all factors used to determine the relative health hazard of an occupational contaminant.

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Virus

A sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell. Viruses can cause a variety of diseases, including the common cold, flu, and HIV.

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Bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms that can exist either as independent organisms or as parasites. Bacteria can cause a variety of diseases, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, and food poisoning.

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Antibody

A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance. Antibodies are a key part of the immune system and help to protect the body from disease.

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Anthropology

The science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.

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Epidermis

The outer layer of skin. The epidermis provides a protective barrier against infection and injury.

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Dermis

The middle layer of skin. The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles.

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Cochlea

A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. The cochlea is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals that the brain can interpret.

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Concurrent Force System

A force system where all forces intersect at a single point.

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Coplanar Force System

Where all forces act on the same 2D plane.

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Collinear Force System

A force system with all forces acting along the same line.

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Tensile Force

A force that stretches a body, causing it to elongate.

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Compressive Force

A force that compresses a body, causing it to shrink in the direction of the force.

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Chemiluminescence

The emission of light from a chemical reaction without combustion.

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

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Alkanes

Hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

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Ohm's Law

A principle in electronics that states the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in a circuit: V = I x R. It helps calculate any one of these values if the other two are known.

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Total Resistance in Series

The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of all individual resistances: Rt = R1 + R2 + R3...

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Total Resistance in Parallel

The inverse of the total resistance in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the inverses of individual resistances: 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...

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Power

The rate at which energy is transferred or converted. It can be calculated in various ways: P = (force x distance) / time; P = E x I; P = I² x R

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WBGT Equation

A measure of the heat stress on a human body, taking into account air temperature, humidity, and radiant heat. It is used to assess the risk of heat stress and inform work practices.

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WBGT Equation with Solar Load

A modified version of the WBGT equation that incorporates solar radiation as a contributing factor to heat stress. It is used in situations where direct sunlight exposure is significant.

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Adiabatic Lapse Rate (ALR)

The decrease in air temperature with increasing altitude in conditions of thermal equilibrium. It is a key concept in meteorology and influences weather patterns.

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Maximum Exposure to Impulsive Noise (140 dB)

The maximum permissible exposure to high-intensity, short-duration impulsive sounds, such as those produced by explosions or gunshots.

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What is the purpose of the 'A' weighting network on a sound level meter?

The weighting network on a sound level meter is designed to mimic how the human ear perceives different frequencies, particularly emphasizing the lower frequencies at lower sound pressure levels. It helps to align the measurement with human hearing and provides a more accurate representation of perceived loudness.

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What is the rule of thumb for combining decibel readings from two noise sources with a difference of 2-5 dB?

Typically, when combining two noise sources with a difference in decibel levels between 2-5 dB, the rule of thumb is to add 2 dB to the higher dB level to estimate the combined noise level. This rule provides a rough approximation and is useful for quick assessments.

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What is a Sound Level Meter and what is it used for?

A Sound Level Meter is a direct-reading instrument that measures sound pressure variations in air across a specific frequency range. It's commonly used to measure noise levels in various environments.

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What is an Octave-Band Analyzer and what is it used for?

An Octave-Band Analyzer breaks down sound into specific frequency bands, called octaves. It helps to analyze the distribution of noise energy across the frequency spectrum, which is crucial for identifying noise sources and implementing effective noise control measures.

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What is a Noise Dosimeter and what is it used for?

A Noise Dosimeter is a device worn by workers to monitor their exposure to noise over a work shift. It measures the cumulative noise exposure and helps to identify possible risks to hearing health.

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How do you calculate the percentage error of a measurement?

The percentage error is calculated by subtracting the true value from the experimental value, dividing the result by the true value, and then multiplying by 100. It quantifies the accuracy of a measurement compared to a known standard.

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What is cumulative error and how is it calculated?

Cumulative error is a measure of the combined effect of multiple individual errors. It is calculated by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual errors. This approach ensures that the cumulative error reflects the overall uncertainty and variation across all measurements.

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How do you calculate the percentage error of a measurement?

The formula for calculating the percentage error involves subtracting the true value, denoted by "TV", from the experimental value, represented by "EV", dividing this difference by the true value, and multiplying by 100 to express the result as a percentage.

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Description

Test your knowledge with this quiz that covers various topics in biology and occupational health. Questions range from the characteristics of viruses to the functions of the inner ear and the role of antibodies. Perfect for students studying health sciences or professionals in the field.

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