Questions and Answers
What is the SI unit for measuring temperature?
Which base quantity is measured in kilograms?
How many base quantities are defined in the International System of Units (SI)?
When reading a metric measurement, how many significant digits will be recorded if the pointer reads 9.0 cm?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the smallest fraction of a centimeter that can be measured with the metric ruler described?
Signup and view all the answers
Which unit measures the amount of substance in the SI system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the building block of proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cell contains a membrane-bound nucleus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process called when water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cellular division leads to the production of cells with half the ploidy number of the parent cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of transport requires the expenditure of energy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following elements is not part of nucleic acids?
Signup and view all the answers
Amylase, actin, and myosin are examples of which type of biological molecules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding the cell wall?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main role of mitochondria in the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the cell membrane differ from the cell wall?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organelle is primarily associated with photosynthesis in plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
If a calculation results in the number 2.5689 and it needs to be rounded to three significant figures, what is the correct rounded value?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'accuracy' refer to in the context of measurements?
Signup and view all the answers
When rounding the number 4.42 to one significant figure, what is the correct result?
Signup and view all the answers
If the average value is 10 and the true value is 15, what is the percentage error?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about precision is true?
Signup and view all the answers
When rounding 0.0587 to two significant figures, what is the correct rounded value?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes a chemical change from a physical change?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a phase change?
Signup and view all the answers
Which physical property can typically help identify a substance?
Signup and view all the answers
What process describes a solid turning directly into a gas?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of physical properties?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs during a chemical change?
Signup and view all the answers
What would likely indicate a chemical change has occurred?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes freezing?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
International System of Units (SI)
- Seven base quantities form the foundation of SI: mass (kilogram, kg), length (meter, m), time (second, s), amount of substance (mole, mol), temperature (kelvin, K), electric current (ampere, A), and luminous intensity (candela, cd).
Reading Metric Measurements
- Significant digits are determined by the number of certain digits plus one uncertain digit, typically a 0 or 5.
- For example, measuring a pencil with a metric ruler may yield a reading of 9.00 cm, including one uncertain digit.
Cell Structure
- Organelles perform specific functions within cells.
- Key organelles:
- Nucleus: Control center coordinating organelle functions.
- Cell Wall/Membrane: Provides rigidity and support (cell wall in plants), selective permeability (cell membrane).
- Mitochondrion: Known as the powerhouse of the cell; site for ATP synthesis.
- Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in plants and algae.
- Ribosome: Responsible for protein synthesis.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Channels for transporting materials inside the cell.
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells: Lack a membrane-bound nucleus; characteristic of bacteria and blue-green algae.
- Eukaryotic cells: Contain membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; typical of protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Cell Transport Mechanisms
- Passive Transport: No energy required; particles move with the concentration gradient.
- Active Transport: Energy required; particles move against the concentration gradient.
- Diffusion: Movement of solvent molecules from high to low concentration.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Cell Reproduction
- Mitosis: Division of somatic cells resulting in daughter cells with equal ploidy.
- Meiosis: Division of germ (sex) cells resulting in daughter cells with half the ploidy of parent cells.
Botany Overview
- Plants are autotrophic and perform photosynthesis.
- Plant cells are eukaryotic.
Rounding Off Numbers
- Rounding rules:
- If the digit removed is less than 5, drop it; e.g., 1.23 to 1.2.
- If the digit is 5 or greater, drop it and increase the preceding digit by one; e.g., 3.46 to 3.5.
Accuracy and Precision
- Accuracy: Closeness of a value to the true value; assessed through percentage error.
- Precision: Agreement among multiple measurements of the same event.
Changes in Matter
- Physical Changes: Alterations in phase or state without changing composition (e.g., melting, freezing, evaporation).
- Chemical Changes: Transformations that convert substances into different substances (e.g., synthesis, decomposition, displacement).
Phase Changes
- Sublimation: Solid to gas.
- Deposition: Gas to solid.
- Melting: Solid to liquid.
- Freezing: Liquid to solid.
- Evaporation: Liquid to gas.
- Condensation: Gas to liquid.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of the International System of Units, metric measurements, and cell structure. This quiz covers the seven base quantities in SI, how to read significant digits, and the main organelles within cells. Perfect for students studying biology and physics.
