Biology and Measurements Quiz

International System of Units (SI)

• Seven base quantities form the foundation of SI: mass (kilogram, kg), length (meter, m), time (second, s), amount of substance (mole, mol), temperature (kelvin, K), electric current (ampere, A), and luminous intensity (candela, cd).

Reading Metric Measurements

• Significant digits are determined by the number of certain digits plus one uncertain digit, typically a 0 or 5.
• For example, measuring a pencil with a metric ruler may yield a reading of 9.00 cm, including one uncertain digit.

Cell Structure

• Organelles perform specific functions within cells.
• Key organelles:
  • Nucleus: Control center coordinating organelle functions.
  • Cell Wall/Membrane: Provides rigidity and support (cell wall in plants), selective permeability (cell membrane).
  • Mitochondrion: Known as the powerhouse of the cell; site for ATP synthesis.
  • Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in plants and algae.
  • Ribosome: Responsible for protein synthesis.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum: Channels for transporting materials inside the cell.

Cell Types

• Prokaryotic cells: Lack a membrane-bound nucleus; characteristic of bacteria and blue-green algae.
• Eukaryotic cells: Contain membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; typical of protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Cell Transport Mechanisms

• Passive Transport: No energy required; particles move with the concentration gradient.
• Active Transport: Energy required; particles move against the concentration gradient.
• Diffusion: Movement of solvent molecules from high to low concentration.
• Osmosis: Diffusion of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Cell Reproduction

• Mitosis: Division of somatic cells resulting in daughter cells with equal ploidy.
• Meiosis: Division of germ (sex) cells resulting in daughter cells with half the ploidy of parent cells.

Botany Overview

• Plants are autotrophic and perform photosynthesis.
• Plant cells are eukaryotic.

Rounding Off Numbers

• Rounding rules:
  • If the digit removed is less than 5, drop it; e.g., 1.23 to 1.2.
  • If the digit is 5 or greater, drop it and increase the preceding digit by one; e.g., 3.46 to 3.5.

Accuracy and Precision

• Accuracy: Closeness of a value to the true value; assessed through percentage error.
• Precision: Agreement among multiple measurements of the same event.

Changes in Matter

• Physical Changes: Alterations in phase or state without changing composition (e.g., melting, freezing, evaporation).
• Chemical Changes: Transformations that convert substances into different substances (e.g., synthesis, decomposition, displacement).

Phase Changes

• Sublimation: Solid to gas.
• Deposition: Gas to solid.
• Melting: Solid to liquid.
• Freezing: Liquid to solid.
• Evaporation: Liquid to gas.
• Condensation: Gas to liquid.

Test your knowledge of the International System of Units, metric measurements, and cell structure. This quiz covers the seven base quantities in SI, how to read significant digits, and the main organelles within cells. Perfect for students studying biology and physics.