Biology and Measurements Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the SI unit for measuring temperature?

Newton, N

Fahrenheit, °F

Celsius, °C

Kelvin, K (correct)

Which base quantity is measured in kilograms?

Electric current

Time

Mass (correct)

Length

How many base quantities are defined in the International System of Units (SI)?

Twelve

Seven (correct)

Five

Ten

When reading a metric measurement, how many significant digits will be recorded if the pointer reads 9.0 cm?

Three significant digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest fraction of a centimeter that can be measured with the metric ruler described?

0.1 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which unit measures the amount of substance in the SI system?

Mole, mol Signup and view all the answers

What is the building block of proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell contains a membrane-bound nucleus?

Eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular division leads to the production of cells with half the ploidy number of the parent cell?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires the expenditure of energy?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is not part of nucleic acids?

Sulfur Signup and view all the answers

Amylase, actin, and myosin are examples of which type of biological molecules?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?

They typically lack organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

Control center coordinating organelle functions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the cell wall?

Provides rigidity and characteristic shape in plant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of mitochondria in the cell?

Site of ATP synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Synthesizing ATP Signup and view all the answers

How does the cell membrane differ from the cell wall?

Cell membrane is selectively permeable, whereas cell wall provides structural support Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily associated with photosynthesis in plants?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Digestion and waste removal Signup and view all the answers

If a calculation results in the number 2.5689 and it needs to be rounded to three significant figures, what is the correct rounded value?

2.57 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'accuracy' refer to in the context of measurements?

The closeness of a value to the true value Signup and view all the answers

When rounding the number 4.42 to one significant figure, what is the correct result?

4.5 Signup and view all the answers

If the average value is 10 and the true value is 15, what is the percentage error?

33.33% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about precision is true?

Precision refers to agreement among repeated measurements Signup and view all the answers

When rounding 0.0587 to two significant figures, what is the correct rounded value?

0.06 Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a chemical change from a physical change?

Chemical changes involve a change in identity or composition, while physical changes do not. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a phase change?

Water boiling to form steam. Signup and view all the answers

Which physical property can typically help identify a substance?

Density Signup and view all the answers

What process describes a solid turning directly into a gas?

Sublimation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of physical properties?

They can be observed without changing the composition of the substance. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a chemical change?

The identity and composition of substances change. Signup and view all the answers

What would likely indicate a chemical change has occurred?

The substance emits a gas or odor. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes freezing?

A physical change from liquid to solid. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

International System of Units (SI)

Seven base quantities form the foundation of SI: mass (kilogram, kg), length (meter, m), time (second, s), amount of substance (mole, mol), temperature (kelvin, K), electric current (ampere, A), and luminous intensity (candela, cd).

Reading Metric Measurements

Significant digits are determined by the number of certain digits plus one uncertain digit, typically a 0 or 5.
For example, measuring a pencil with a metric ruler may yield a reading of 9.00 cm, including one uncertain digit.

Cell Structure

Organelles perform specific functions within cells.
Key organelles:
- Nucleus: Control center coordinating organelle functions.
- Cell Wall/Membrane: Provides rigidity and support (cell wall in plants), selective permeability (cell membrane).
- Mitochondrion: Known as the powerhouse of the cell; site for ATP synthesis.
- Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in plants and algae.
- Ribosome: Responsible for protein synthesis.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Channels for transporting materials inside the cell.

Cell Types

Prokaryotic cells: Lack a membrane-bound nucleus; characteristic of bacteria and blue-green algae.
Eukaryotic cells: Contain membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; typical of protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Cell Transport Mechanisms

Passive Transport: No energy required; particles move with the concentration gradient.
Active Transport: Energy required; particles move against the concentration gradient.
Diffusion: Movement of solvent molecules from high to low concentration.
Osmosis: Diffusion of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Cell Reproduction

Mitosis: Division of somatic cells resulting in daughter cells with equal ploidy.
Meiosis: Division of germ (sex) cells resulting in daughter cells with half the ploidy of parent cells.

Botany Overview

Plants are autotrophic and perform photosynthesis.
Plant cells are eukaryotic.

Rounding Off Numbers

Rounding rules:
- If the digit removed is less than 5, drop it; e.g., 1.23 to 1.2.
- If the digit is 5 or greater, drop it and increase the preceding digit by one; e.g., 3.46 to 3.5.

Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy: Closeness of a value to the true value; assessed through percentage error.
Precision: Agreement among multiple measurements of the same event.

Changes in Matter

Physical Changes: Alterations in phase or state without changing composition (e.g., melting, freezing, evaporation).
Chemical Changes: Transformations that convert substances into different substances (e.g., synthesis, decomposition, displacement).

Phase Changes

Sublimation: Solid to gas.
Deposition: Gas to solid.
Melting: Solid to liquid.
Freezing: Liquid to solid.
Evaporation: Liquid to gas.
Condensation: Gas to liquid.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the International System of Units, metric measurements, and cell structure. This quiz covers the seven base quantities in SI, how to read significant digits, and the main organelles within cells. Perfect for students studying biology and physics.