Biology Anatomy Chapter Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The function of the root hair plexus is to ____.

Cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle

Allow the hair to assist in touch sensation (correct)

Serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after the resting stage has passed

Bind the hair root to the dermis

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of ____?

Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

Utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis (correct)

Filtration

Absorbing materials applied to the surface layer of the skin

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ____.

The major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective cushion (correct)

The cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus

It has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock

It is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

Fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe skeletal muscle?

Branching cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

The osteon Signup and view all the answers

The shape of the external ear is maintained by ____.

Elastic cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the intervertebral discs?

Absorb shock Signup and view all the answers

Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones?

Maxillae Signup and view all the answers

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ____.

Fat Signup and view all the answers

Spongy bones are made up of a framework called _____.

Trabeculae Signup and view all the answers

Osteogenesis (also known as ossification) is the process of _____.

Bone formation Signup and view all the answers

The ethmoid bone is composed of all of the following except the ______.

Inferior nasal concha Signup and view all the answers

Chondroblasts ____.

Are within the cartilage, divide and secrete new matrix Signup and view all the answers

____ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

Pseudostratified columnar Signup and view all the answers

A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as _____.

Stratified squamous Signup and view all the answers

The hyoid bone is unique because it ____.

Is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone Signup and view all the answers

In addition to protection, the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium absorption Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial tissue _____.

Has a basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which is true concerning muscle tissue?

It is highly cellular and well vascularized Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

Ground substance, fibers, and cells Signup and view all the answers

The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of _____.

Blood vessels and nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?

Release of sweat by eccrine glands in response to heat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

Prolonged exposure to the sun stimulates melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen Signup and view all the answers

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.

Melanomas are the most dangerous and must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not found in cartilage but is in bone?

Blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearms in which order?

Corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale Signup and view all the answers

The dermis ____.

Has two layers, papillary and reticular Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes?

Simple squamous Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue.

Its primary function is nutrient storage Signup and view all the answers

A blow to the cheek is most likely to break what superficial bone part?

Zygomatic process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs?

Simple squamous Signup and view all the answers

Skin macrophages that help activate the immune system are called ____.

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are called ____.

Fontanelles Signup and view all the answers

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ____.

Osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about paranasal sinuses?

Paranasal sinuses enhance the resonance of the voice and lighten the skull Signup and view all the answers

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ____.

Intercalated discs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Communication Signup and view all the answers

Matrix is composed of ____.

Fibers and ground substance Signup and view all the answers

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?

Epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?

Scoliosis Signup and view all the answers

The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is ____.

Hyaline Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Root Hair Plexus Function

The root hair plexus allows hair to assist in touch sensation.

Nutrient Delivery to the Skin

Nutrients reach the epidermis by utilizing products from merocrine glands.

Hypodermis Function

The hypodermis acts as a shock absorber largely due to its significant adipose tissue content.

Dermis Cell Types

The dermis contains fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells.

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

Skeletal muscle is voluntary and multinucleated, but it consists of non-branching cells.

Structural Unit of Compact Bone

The osteon is the structural unit of compact bone.

External Ear Structure

The shape of the external ear is maintained by elastic cartilage.

Osteoclast Activity

Parathyroid hormone increases osteoclast activity, releasing more calcium ions into the bloodstream.

Intervertebral Discs Function

Intervertebral discs primarily absorb shock in the vertebral column.

Paranasal Sinuses Locations

Paranasal sinuses are found in the maxillae among other facial bones.

Yellow Bone Marrow Composition

Yellow bone marrow consists largely of fat.

Composition of Spongy Bone

Spongy bone is made up of a framework called trabeculae.

Osteogenesis Process

Osteogenesis is defined as the process of bone formation.

Ethmoid Bone Components

The ethmoid bone does not include the inferior nasal concha.

Chondroblasts Function

Chondroblasts are located deep to the perichondrium, dividing and secreting new matrix.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium appears to have multiple layers but each cell contacts the basement membrane.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat surface cells is classified as stratified squamous.

Unique Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is the only bone that does not articulate with other bones.

Skin Functions

Besides protection, skin converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor, crucial for calcium absorption.

Epithelial Tissue Features

Epithelial tissue has a basement membrane, lacking blood vessels and is usually acellular.

Muscle Tissue Characteristics

Muscle tissue is highly cellular and well vascularized, containing contractile units.

Connective Tissue Components

The main components of connective tissue are ground substance, fibers, and cells.

Central Canal in Osteons

The central (Haversian) canal contains blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Homeostasis and Negative Feedback

Eccrine glands release sweat in response to heat, illustrating homeostasis via negative feedback.

Skin UV Protection Mechanism

The skin's natural defenses involve melanin dispersion, acting as a natural sunscreen against UV damage.

Skin Cancer Types

Melanomas are the most dangerous skin cancers and should be removed quickly to prevent metastasis.

Cartilage vs Bone

Blood vessels are found in bone but not in cartilage.

Epidermal Layer Penetration

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers in the order: corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.

Dermis Structure

The dermis has two layers: papillary and reticular.

Serous Membrane Epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium lines serous membranes.

Adipose Tissue Function

The primary function of adipose tissue is nutrient storage.

Facial Bone Impact

A blow to the cheek is most likely to break the zygomatic process.

Lung Gas Exchange Epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium forms the walls of air sacs for gas exchange in lungs.

Immune System Role in Skin

Skin macrophages, known as dendritic cells, help activate the immune system.

Fetal Skull Membranous Areas

The areas between cranial bones of the fetal skull are called fontanelles.

Bone Matrix Secretion

Osteoblasts are responsible for secreting the bone matrix.

Purpose of Paranasal Sinuses

Paranasal sinuses enhance voice resonance and lighten the skull.

Long Bone Tissue Precursor

Hyaline cartilage serves as the precursor for long bones in the developing embryo.

Heart Muscle Cell Structure

Intercalated discs prevent heart muscle cells from separating.

Skeletal System Functions

The skeletal system supports, stores minerals, produces blood cells, but does not facilitate communication.

Matrix Composition

Matrix is comprised of fibers and ground substance.

Bone Growth Structure

The epiphyseal plate allows for bone lengthening and shaping of articular surfaces.

Abnormal Vertebral Curvature

Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.

Most Abundant Skeletal Cartilage

The most abundant type of skeletal cartilage is hyaline cartilage.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the functions of the root hair plexus and nutrient absorption in the skin. This quiz covers essential concepts related to hair growth and skin physiology. See how well you understand the intricacies of anatomy in this fun quiz.