Biology 2: Homeostasis
40 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the function of Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) in the HPT axis?

  • To stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
  • To increase blood pressure
  • To bind with receptors on the cell membrane of the anterior pituitary gland (correct)
  • To promote the growth of tissues

    • What is the role of Triiodothyronine (T3) in the body?

  • To stimulate the growth of tissues (correct)
  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To increase body temperature
  • To trigger the secretion of digestive juice

    • What is the response of the thyroid gland when body temperature is low?

  • It regulates blood pressure
  • It triggers the secretion of digestive juice
  • It decreases the production of thyroid hormones
  • It increases the production of thyroid hormones to burn glucose and heat up the body (correct)

    • What is the function of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the HPT axis?

    <p>To stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do thyroid hormones bind in the cell to influence gene transcription?

    <p>In the cell nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the anterior pituitary gland in the HPT axis?

    <p>To stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of thyroid hormones in the body?

    <p>To stimulate the growth of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland in the HPT axis?

    <p>The hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release TRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucagon on glycogen?

    <p>Convert glycogen to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glucose conversion?

    <p>Convert glucose to glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Glucose in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to glucose in the blood after a carbohydrate meal in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>It becomes very high in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glucose conversion to fat?

    <p>Increases glucose conversion to fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe actions that correct changes in a factor?

    <p>Corrective actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of impulses are used by the nervous system in homeostatic control?

    <p>Electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in homeostatic control?

    <p>To receive and process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gland is the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Extension of the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the posterior pituitary hormones?

    <p>To store and release neurohormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating anterior pituitary hormones?

    <p>To use releasing or inhibiting hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of prolactin-inhibiting hormone?

    <p>To inhibit the anterior pituitary from secreting prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What processes are controlled by hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Metabolism, osmoregulation, and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of too much T3 and T4 on the hypothalamus?

    <p>It decreases the production of hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the breakdown of glucose to produce more ATP?

    <p>Calorigenic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thyroid gland in the HPT axis?

    <p>To produce T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of negative feedback on metabolism?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between body temperature and T3 and T4?

    <p>T3 and T4 increase body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the anterior pituitary gland in the HPT axis?

    <p>To produce TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the control of body temperature?

    <p>Thermoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of homeostasis in living organisms?

    <p>To maintain internal conditions near constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physiological factor controlled by homeostasis in mammals?

    <p>Muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in hormone regulation?

    <p>To regulate the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the body returns to a stable state after a change?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>To decrease blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>To increase blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Type 1 is caused by insulin deficiency, while type 2 is caused by insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cyclic AMP as a second messenger in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>To amplify the signal of glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Homeostasis

    • Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment for life functions despite changes in the external environment.
    • Physiological factors controlled in mammals include:
      • Core body temperature
      • Metabolic wastes (e.g. carbon dioxide and urea)
      • Blood pH
      • Blood glucose concentration
      • Water potential of the blood
      • Concentrations of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the blood
    • Homeostasis involves corrective actions that correct or reverse changes in these factors.

    Homeostatic Control

    • There are two coordination systems in mammals that are involved in homeostatic control:
      • Nervous system (electrical impulses)
      • Endocrine system (chemical messengers)

    Structure of Homeostasis

    • The hypothalamus receives information from nerves, processes it, and sends signals to the pituitary gland.
    • The pituitary gland is located at the base of the hypothalamus and synthesizes and secretes hormones in response to hormones from the hypothalamus.
    • The posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus and secretes neurohormones synthesized in the hypothalamus.
    • The anterior pituitary is an endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes hormones in response to hormones from the hypothalamus.

    Posterior Pituitary Hormones

    • Two posterior pituitary hormones are:
      • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
      • Oxytocin
    • These neurohormones are stored and released in response to nerve impulses transmitted by the hypothalamus.

    Anterior Pituitary Hormones

    • Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary control diverse processes in the human body, including:
      • Metabolism
      • Osmoregulation
      • Reproduction
    • Hypothalamus regulates each set of hormones by using releasing or inhibiting hormones on the anterior pituitary gland.

    Thyroid Regulation

    • Thyroid regulation involves the HPT axis, which includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland.
    • The hypothalamus produces thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
    • TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
    • Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

    Thermoregulation

    • Thermoregulation is the control of body temperature, which involves both the nervous and endocrine systems.
    • The hypothalamus is the central control for body temperature.
    • When the body temperature is too low, the thyroid gland increases the production of thyroid hormones, which leads to an increase in metabolism and heat production.

    Blood Glucose Regulation

    • Blood glucose regulation involves the balance between insulin and glucagon.
    • Insulin:
      • Converts glucose to glycogen
      • Increases the rate of glucose conversion to glycogen
      • "Traps" glucose into cells
      • Increases the rate of glucose conversion to fat and stored in adipose tissue
    • Glucagon:
      • Converts glycogen to glucose
      • Increases the rate of gluconeogenesis

    Diabetes

    • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels.
    • There are two types of diabetes:
      • Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes):
        • Beta cells do not produce insulin
        • Viral infection, autoimmune response, and genetics are risk factors
      • Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes):
        • Insulin is produced, but target cells do not respond to it adequately
        • Obesity, genetic link, and a diet high in sugars are risk factors
    • Symptoms of diabetes include:
      • High glucose levels in the blood and urine
      • Increased hunger and thirst
      • Frequent urination

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Quiz on homeostasis, covering principles, examples, and its role in mammals. Includes topics on dwarfism and giantism.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser