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What is the main role of the kidneys?
What is the main role of the kidneys?
What is the name of the hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys?
What is the name of the hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Kidney transplant is considered a temporary solution for kidney failure.
Kidney transplant is considered a temporary solution for kidney failure.
False
In the case of dehydration, less water is reabsorbed into the blood by osmosis from the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct, leading to the production of more concentrated _____.
In the case of dehydration, less water is reabsorbed into the blood by osmosis from the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct, leading to the production of more concentrated _____.
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What is the role of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus?
What is the role of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus?
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What is the effect of high blood pressure on the kidney?
What is the effect of high blood pressure on the kidney?
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What is the consequence of kidney failure?
What is the consequence of kidney failure?
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What happens to the walls of the DCT and collecting duct when antidiuretic hormone is released?
What happens to the walls of the DCT and collecting duct when antidiuretic hormone is released?
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What can trigger kidney failure?
What can trigger kidney failure?
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What happens when the body is well-hydrated?
What happens when the body is well-hydrated?
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What is the consequence of fluid accumulation in the body?
What is the consequence of fluid accumulation in the body?
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What happens to the filtered blood after passing through the nephron?
What happens to the filtered blood after passing through the nephron?
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What happens to waste products in the kidney?
What happens to waste products in the kidney?
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What is the name of the process by which useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood?
What is the name of the process by which useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood?
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What is the term for the smallest functional unit of the kidney?
What is the term for the smallest functional unit of the kidney?
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What is the term for the blood vessel that transports blood into the kidney?
What is the term for the blood vessel that transports blood into the kidney?
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What is the term for the process by which the kidney filters out waste products from the blood?
What is the term for the process by which the kidney filters out waste products from the blood?
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What is the location of the capillaries where waste products are filtered out of the blood?
What is the location of the capillaries where waste products are filtered out of the blood?
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What is the term for the type of feedback that increases the original change in internal conditions?
What is the term for the type of feedback that increases the original change in internal conditions?
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What is the site where waste products are filtered out of the blood and into the long tubules called nephrons?
What is the site where waste products are filtered out of the blood and into the long tubules called nephrons?
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What is the consequence of kidney failure on the bones?
What is the consequence of kidney failure on the bones?
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What is the primary function of dialysis fluid in renal dialysis?
What is the primary function of dialysis fluid in renal dialysis?
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Why is a kidney transplant considered a better solution for kidney failure compared to dialysis?
Why is a kidney transplant considered a better solution for kidney failure compared to dialysis?
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What is the main reason for using immunosuppressants after a kidney transplant?
What is the main reason for using immunosuppressants after a kidney transplant?
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Why is it often possible to use a family member as a donor for a kidney transplant?
Why is it often possible to use a family member as a donor for a kidney transplant?
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What is the primary reason why a patient may need to wait a long time for a kidney transplant?
What is the primary reason why a patient may need to wait a long time for a kidney transplant?
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Study Notes
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis maintains a constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment
- It involves factors such as temperature, water potential, pH, and blood glucose level
- Negative feedback counteracts changes in internal conditions to restore optimum conditions
- Elements required for negative feedback: sensory receptors, nervous or hormonal system, and effectors
Kidney Function
- The main role of the kidneys is excretion of waste products, such as urea in the form of urine
- Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and passes through capillaries in the cortex
- Waste products are filtered out of the blood through ultrafiltration and into long tubules called nephrons
- Selective reabsorption: useful substances like amino acids, glucose, and vitamins are reabsorbed back into the blood
- The substances to be excreted pass through the tubules and ureter and reach the bladder as urine
Control of Water Potential
- In dehydration, less water is reabsorbed into the blood, leading to production of more concentrated urine
- Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus control water potential and content
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released from the posterior pituitary gland increases reabsorption of water from the tubules into the blood
Kidney Failure
- Kidney failure can be triggered by kidney infections, inflammation, and high blood pressure
- Damage causes the kidneys to perform filtration and reabsorption less efficiently
- Consequences of kidney failure: buildup of toxic waste products, fluid accumulation, and disruption of ion balance
- Kidney failure can be treated with renal dialysis, which filters the blood to remove waste products and excess water and ions
- Kidney transplant is a more convenient and long-term solution, but requires a suitable donor with the same blood type and tissue type
Kidney Function
- Substances to be excreted pass through tubules and ureter, and finally reach the bladder where they're disposed of as urine.
- Filtered blood then passes out of the kidneys through the renal vein.
- The kidneys' main role is the excretion of waste products, such as urea in the form of urine.
- Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and passes through the capillaries in the cortex of the kidneys.
- Waste products are filtered out of the blood as it passes through the capillaries and into the long tubules called nephrons through a process known as ultrafiltration.
- Selective reabsorption is the process where useful substances such as amino acids, glucose, vitamins are reabsorbed back through the tubules in the medulla.
Control of Water Potential
- Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus control the water potential and content.
- In the case of dehydration, not as much water is reabsorbed into the blood by osmosis from the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct, leading to production of more concentrated urine.
- Hormones, such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), play an important role in controlling the reabsorption of water.
- ADH makes the walls of the DCT and collecting duct more permeable to water, increasing the reabsorption of water from the tubules into the blood.
Kidney Failure
- Kidney failure can be triggered by various kidney infections, which cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys.
- High blood pressure can also cause damage to the kidney by damaging the capillaries of glomeruli.
- Consequences of kidney failure include the buildup of toxic waste products, such as urea, which causes symptoms such as vomiting.
- In cases where excess water cannot be removed from the blood by the kidneys, fluid accumulation occurs, leading to swelling.
- Kidney failure can disrupt the balance of ions, making the bones more brittle or causing water to be retained.
Treatment of Kidney Failure
- Kidney failure can be treated with renal dialysis, which filters the blood with the help of a machine containing dialysis fluid.
- Dialysis is only a temporary solution while the patient awaits a transplant.
- Kidney transplant is required to replace the damaged kidney and to reverse kidney failure symptoms, and is believed to be a more convenient and long-term solution.
- Patients need to wait a long time for a suitable donor, which needs to be of the same blood type and tissue type to minimize the risk of rejection.
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Description
Learn about the importance of homeostasis in maintaining a constant internal environment in organisms, including the role of negative feedback and the kidney's function.
