Questions and Answers
What is one way a gecko can relax? (Select all that apply)
What is the function of the gecko's tail? (Select all that apply)
A molecule of DNA represents which level in life's hierarchy of organization?
molecular
How do chemical nutrients flow in an ecosystem?
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What is the basis of life's variety and common themes?
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What do all organisms have in common? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic organisms?
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How would you describe organisms in the Kingdom Animalia?
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What is called the set of features that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment?
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Why have bacteria become increasingly resistant to antibiotics? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following is the best definition for the term hypothesis? (Choose the single best answer.)
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(Choose the single best answer.) A scientific theory is:
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Consider an experiment in which human subjects are given a pill to test its effectiveness on reducing the duration of a cold. Which of the following is the best way to treat the control group? (Choose the single best answer.)
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(Choose the single best answer.) The most trustworthy source of scientific information is:
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(Choose the single best answer.) A scientific hypothesis has all of the following features EXCEPT that it is:
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Which of the following is a scientific hypothesis? (Choose the single answer that is a testable hypothesis, even if it is not a correct hypothesis!)
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(Choose the single best answer.) The most effective control subjects in a test of an experimental treatment are:
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(Choose the single best answer.) An experiment is called double-blind when:
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(Choose the single best answer.) The purpose of double-blind experiments is to:
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(Choose the single best answer.) An experimental result is called statistically significant when:
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What is a proposed, testable explanation for an observation?
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What is a factor that changes during an experiment?
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What yields data against which other groups are compared in an experiment?
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What differs from the control group by the one variable that is being tested in the experiment?
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What is your preference if you like some chocolate chip cookie recipes better than others?
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What question do you pose regarding the type of flour used for baking?
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What is the statement 'Cake flour works better than regular flour'?
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What do you perform when you make one batch of cookies with regular flour and another with cake flour?
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What is the finding that using cake flour makes the cookies soft, which you prefer?
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What appropriate hypotheses could the farmer test about almond tree growth? Select all that apply.
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Which scenarios describe people using steps of the scientific method? Select all that apply.
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What involves exploration and discovery in a scientific context?
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What points to societal benefits and outcomes in scientific research?
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What is involved in scientific community analysis and feedback?
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What constitutes forming and testing hypotheses in research?
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Which of the following alternate hypotheses could explain Yoel's results? (Select the best answer.)
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Which experiment would best determine if the green anole lizards' diet was affected by their change in habitat?
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Which analogy best describes the process of science?
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What process do scientists use to ask and answer questions about nature?
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What type of logic is used to draw generalized conclusions from a large number of specific observations?
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What is a proposed explanation for a set of observations?
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What logic is used to proceed from a general hypothesis to specific predictions?
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What must a hypothesis be in order to be valid?
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What type of experiment involves both an experimental group and a control group?
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What is broader in scope than a hypothesis and supported by a large body of evidence?
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What test changes only one variable at a time to isolate results?
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What is the one variable manipulated by a scientist in an experiment?
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What variable is observed to see the effect of the change made?
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What establishes a baseline for an experiment?
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What is a group in which no response is expected?
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What is a group in which a known response is expected?
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What type of experiment has researchers knowing who receives treatment while the participants do not?
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What type of experiment involves neither participants nor researchers knowing who receives treatment?
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How many variables should there be in a well-designed experiment?
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What was an important limitation in the experiments shown in the video?
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At what age could the environment potentially shape the preferences of a child?
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Fraternal twins share _____ of the same genes, while identical twins share _____ of the same genes.
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Which of the following experiments would provide the best data for determining the effect of environment?
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Which of the following experiments would provide the best data for determining the effect of genetics?
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In the essay, which measurement is probably the least valuable when designing an experiment that measures how genetics and environment shape who we are?
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What type of graph represents continuous data and tracks changes over time?
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What type of graph is used for categorical data where independent variables fall into distinct groups?
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What type of chart shows how the whole breaks down into parts?
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After looking at gecko feet at the microscopic level, what was the first gecko-inspired product made by the engineers?
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How do both geckos and 'sticky-bots' let go of the surface on which they are walking?
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Study Notes
Hypothesis and Scientific Theory
- A hypothesis serves as a proposed answer to a question derived from observation and must be testable and falsifiable.
- A scientific theory is an explanation supported by extensive experimental evidence, distinguishing it from a mere hypothesis.
Control Groups in Experiments
- The control group should receive a placebo to assess the effect of an experimental treatment.
- Effective control subjects are treated identically to experimental subjects but do not receive the treatment.
Scientific Method and Experiment Design
- Double-blind experiments prevent bias by ensuring neither subjects nor researchers know group assignments.
- Statistical significance indicates results unlikely caused by chance alone.
Experimental Variables
- Independent variables are manipulated to observe effects on dependent variables, which are measured outcomes.
- A controlled experiment involves changing one variable at a time to isolate results.
The Importance of Peer Review
- Peer-reviewed articles are the most reliable sources of scientific information due to rigorous evaluation by other experts.
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
- Inductive reasoning allows for generalized conclusions from specific observations, while deductive reasoning applies a general hypothesis to forecast specific results.
Genetic and Environmental Influence
- Fraternal twins share about 50% of their genes; identical twins share 100%.
- Effective experiments to determine environmental effects compare identical twins raised in different settings.
Data Representation
- Line graphs illustrate continuous data trends, bar graphs display categorical data, and pie charts show proportions of a whole.
Gecko Inspired Engineering
- The first product inspired by gecko feet was a synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesive.
- Geckos and sticky-bots release their grip by peeling their toes back.
Ecosystem and DNA
- Chemical nutrients cycle continuously within ecosystems, emphasizing interconnectedness.
- The genetic information stored in DNA forms the basis of life's diversity and common themes.
Characteristics of Life
- All living organisms store genetic information in DNA, have the capacity to evolve, and utilize energy for growth and development.
- Eukaryotic organisms can be unicellular or multicellular, and organisms in the Kingdom Animalia are nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes without cell walls.
Adaptations and Natural Selection
- Adaptations are traits enhancing an organism's survival and reproduction in specific environments.
- Increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria exemplifies natural selection, where resistant bacteria reproduce more successfully.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in Biology 156 with these Chapter 1 flashcards. This quiz covers essential definitions, including what constitutes a hypothesis and a scientific theory. Challenge yourself to recall and apply these foundational ideas in biology.