Podcast
Questions and Answers
How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
They produce ATP.
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is lost in the form of heat.
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is lost in the form of heat.
True
What is the overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose?
What is the overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
Humans use about __________ of their daily calories for involuntary life-sustaining activities such as digestion, circulation, and breathing.
Humans use about __________ of their daily calories for involuntary life-sustaining activities such as digestion, circulation, and breathing.
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What is a kilocalorie defined as?
What is a kilocalorie defined as?
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What happens during redox reactions?
What happens during redox reactions?
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Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.
Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.
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During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose is carried by what?
During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose is carried by what?
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For each glucose molecule processed, what are the net molecular products of glycolysis?
For each glucose molecule processed, what are the net molecular products of glycolysis?
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Pyruvate from glycolysis gets directly inserted into the Citric Acid cycle.
Pyruvate from glycolysis gets directly inserted into the Citric Acid cycle.
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Which metabolic pathway is common in aerobic and anaerobic organisms?
Which metabolic pathway is common in aerobic and anaerobic organisms?
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Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because (Select all that apply)
Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because (Select all that apply)
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As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of how many ATPs?
As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of how many ATPs?
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How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis?
How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis?
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Oxygen is needed for glycolysis.
Oxygen is needed for glycolysis.
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If a culture of bacteria is metabolizing glucose, where will radioactivity first appear after glucose contains radioactive carbon?
If a culture of bacteria is metabolizing glucose, where will radioactivity first appear after glucose contains radioactive carbon?
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Pyruvate is considered a(n) ________ in aerobic cellular respiration.
Pyruvate is considered a(n) ________ in aerobic cellular respiration.
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What happens between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
What happens between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
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What is formed when electrons exit the electron transport chain and combine with oxygen?
What is formed when electrons exit the electron transport chain and combine with oxygen?
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During chemiosmosis, what is synthesized?
During chemiosmosis, what is synthesized?
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What process would be completely disrupted in mutant protists lacking an inner mitochondrial membrane?
What process would be completely disrupted in mutant protists lacking an inner mitochondrial membrane?
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What happens if a drug creates holes in both mitochondrial membranes?
What happens if a drug creates holes in both mitochondrial membranes?
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In the electron transport chain, who is the final electron acceptor?
In the electron transport chain, who is the final electron acceptor?
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Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false? (Select one)
Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false? (Select one)
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What is the function of mitochondrial cristae?
What is the function of mitochondrial cristae?
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Why do insects exposed to rotenone die?
Why do insects exposed to rotenone die?
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How does cyanide differ from dinitrophenol?
How does cyanide differ from dinitrophenol?
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During which phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?
During which phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration Basics
- Cells capture energy from cellular respiration by producing ATP.
- The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary; energy conversion results in some energy loss as heat.
Key Equations and Energy Metrics
- The overall equation for glucose cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
- Humans utilize approximately 75% of daily calorie intake for involuntary activities like digestion and circulation.
- A kilocalorie is defined as the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
Redox Reactions in Respiration
- In redox reactions, electrons are lost from one substance while being added to another, with oxidation indicating loss and reduction indicating gain of electrons.
- Energy in glucose is carried by electrons during cellular respiration.
Glycolysis Insights
- Glycolysis yields a net production of 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH from each glucose molecule processed.
- Glycolysis is considered an ancient metabolic pathway as it does not require oxygen, is universally present, and is not confined to membrane-bound organelles.
Role of Pyruvate and Citric Acid Cycle
- Pyruvate is an intermediate in aerobic cellular respiration and is oxidized before entering the citric acid cycle.
- Glycolysis does not require oxygen, and NADH is produced during glycolysis.
Mitochondrial Processes
- In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons flow through the electron transport chain and ultimately combine with oxygen to form water.
- During chemiosmosis, the synthesis of ATP occurs as H+ ions move through ATP synthase.
Importance of Mitochondrial Structures
- Mitochondrial cristae increase surface area for electron transport and ATP synthase complexes.
- A mutant protist lacking an inner mitochondrial membrane would disrupt oxidative phosphorylation.
Effects of Drugs and Poisons
- A drug that creates holes in mitochondrial membranes would inhibit the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
- Rotenone, an insecticide, prevents adequate ATP production, leading to insect death, while cyanide blocks electron transport and dinitrophenol uncouples reactions.
Misconceptions and Clarifications
- False claim: Oxygen is necessary for glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs anaerobically.
- The inner mitochondrial membrane does not play a role in pyruvic acid production; this statement is false.
Summary of Phases
- Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, contributing to ATP production in these stages.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the key concepts of cellular respiration in this flashcard quiz for Biology 109. Learn how cells generate energy, the interplay between photosynthesis and respiration, and the overall equations governing these processes. Perfect for mastering chapter 6 fundamentals!
