Biology 109 Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration

Questions and Answers

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

They produce ATP.

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is lost in the form of heat.

True

What is the overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

Humans use about __________ of their daily calories for involuntary life-sustaining activities such as digestion, circulation, and breathing.

75% Signup and view all the answers

What is a kilocalorie defined as?

The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during redox reactions?

Electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance. Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation is the , and reduction is the .

loss of electrons...gain of electrons Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose is carried by what?

Electrons. Signup and view all the answers

For each glucose molecule processed, what are the net molecular products of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH. Signup and view all the answers

Pyruvate from glycolysis gets directly inserted into the Citric Acid cycle.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic pathway is common in aerobic and anaerobic organisms?

Glycolysis. Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because (Select all that apply)

More than one of the choices are correct. Signup and view all the answers

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of how many ATPs?

<ol start="2"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis?

<ol start="2"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen is needed for glycolysis.

False Signup and view all the answers

If a culture of bacteria is metabolizing glucose, where will radioactivity first appear after glucose contains radioactive carbon?

Glucose-6-phosphate. Signup and view all the answers

Pyruvate is considered a(n) ________ in aerobic cellular respiration.

intermediate Signup and view all the answers

What happens between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

Pyruvate is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when electrons exit the electron transport chain and combine with oxygen?

Water. Signup and view all the answers

During chemiosmosis, what is synthesized?

ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What process would be completely disrupted in mutant protists lacking an inner mitochondrial membrane?

Oxidative phosphorylation. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a drug creates holes in both mitochondrial membranes?

It will inhibit the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Signup and view all the answers

In the electron transport chain, who is the final electron acceptor?

An oxygen atom. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false? (Select one)

It plays a role in the production of pyruvic acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondrial cristae?

Increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes. Signup and view all the answers

Why do insects exposed to rotenone die?

They will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP. Signup and view all the answers

How does cyanide differ from dinitrophenol?

Cyanide is an electron transport blocker, while dinitrophenol is a reaction uncoupler. Signup and view all the answers

During which phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration Basics

Cells capture energy from cellular respiration by producing ATP.
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary; energy conversion results in some energy loss as heat.

Key Equations and Energy Metrics

The overall equation for glucose cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
Humans utilize approximately 75% of daily calorie intake for involuntary activities like digestion and circulation.
A kilocalorie is defined as the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.

Redox Reactions in Respiration

In redox reactions, electrons are lost from one substance while being added to another, with oxidation indicating loss and reduction indicating gain of electrons.
Energy in glucose is carried by electrons during cellular respiration.

Glycolysis Insights

Glycolysis yields a net production of 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH from each glucose molecule processed.
Glycolysis is considered an ancient metabolic pathway as it does not require oxygen, is universally present, and is not confined to membrane-bound organelles.

Role of Pyruvate and Citric Acid Cycle

Pyruvate is an intermediate in aerobic cellular respiration and is oxidized before entering the citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis does not require oxygen, and NADH is produced during glycolysis.

Mitochondrial Processes

In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons flow through the electron transport chain and ultimately combine with oxygen to form water.
During chemiosmosis, the synthesis of ATP occurs as H+ ions move through ATP synthase.

Importance of Mitochondrial Structures

Mitochondrial cristae increase surface area for electron transport and ATP synthase complexes.
A mutant protist lacking an inner mitochondrial membrane would disrupt oxidative phosphorylation.

Effects of Drugs and Poisons

A drug that creates holes in mitochondrial membranes would inhibit the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
Rotenone, an insecticide, prevents adequate ATP production, leading to insect death, while cyanide blocks electron transport and dinitrophenol uncouples reactions.

Misconceptions and Clarifications

False claim: Oxygen is necessary for glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs anaerobically.
The inner mitochondrial membrane does not play a role in pyruvic acid production; this statement is false.

Summary of Phases

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, contributing to ATP production in these stages.

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Explore the key concepts of cellular respiration in this flashcard quiz for Biology 109. Learn how cells generate energy, the interplay between photosynthesis and respiration, and the overall equations governing these processes. Perfect for mastering chapter 6 fundamentals!