Biology 102 Practical Review

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Questions and Answers

Which organism is classified under the phylum Firmicutes?

Euglena sp.

Bacillus megatherium (correct)

Ceratium sp.

Plasmodium sp.

What feature distinguishes diatoms from other algae?

Silica cell walls (correct)

Multicellular structure

Presence of chlorophyll A only

Their flagella

Which group includes organisms that are methanogens?

Firmicutes

Dinoflagellata

Crenarchaeota (correct)

Eukarya

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the phylum Apicomplexa?

They are generally motile. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is classified under the kingdom Plantae?

Chlamydomonas sp. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is a type of foraminifera?

Forams Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms includes halophiles?

Crenarchaeota Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms does the phylum Myxogastrida include?

Slime molds Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a group of organisms that share a most recent common ancestor?

Clade Signup and view all the answers

Which classification level comes immediately after 'Family'?

Genus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of binomial nomenclature?

To provide a unique two-part name for each species Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to species that are derived from a common ancestor but do not include all descendants?

Paraphyletic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Whales and fish developing streamlined bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct hierarchy for the classification levels starting from Domain?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Signup and view all the answers

In cladistics, what is used to determine the evolutionary relationships among organisms?

Shared derived characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'homoplasy' refer to in evolutionary biology?

Similar traits in species that do not share a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum includes the plant Ginkgo biloba?

Ginkgophyta Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic best describes gymnosperms?

Seed plants that do not produce flowers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a phylum of tracheophytes?

Bryophyta Signup and view all the answers

Which group of plants falls under Angiospermae?

Monocots and Eudicots Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the phylum Monilophyta?

Ferns and their relatives Signup and view all the answers

From which phylum do Coniferophyta belong?

Gymnosperms Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum is known for containing plants such as Ephedra?

Gnetophyta Signup and view all the answers

Which is characteristic of the Rhizaria group?

Presence of siliceous shells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups does NOT include seed plants?

Monilophyta Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Tracheophytes' refer to?

Plants with vascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vocabulary

Analogous: Structures that serve similar functions but have different evolutionary origins.
Ancestral: Refers to traits or characteristics that are present in a common ancestor.
Binomial Nomenclature: A system of naming species with a two-part Latin name (genus and species) developed by Carl Linnaeus.
Biological Species Concept: Defines a species as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Clade: A group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all its descendants.
Cladistics: A method of classification based on common ancestry.
Cladogram: A diagram that depicts the evolutionary relationships between different species using branches to represent clades.
Common Name: The non-scientific name by which a species is commonly known.
Convergent Evolution: The independent evolution of similar traits in different species due to similar environmental pressures.
Domain: The highest taxonomic rank in the hierarchy of biological classification.
Family: A higher-ranking taxonomic category that groups related genera.
Genus (Genera): A taxonomic rank that groups together species that are closely related.
Homologous: Structures that share a common ancestry but may serve different functions.
Independent Acquisition: The development of similar traits in unrelated organisms.
Order: A taxonomic rank lower than class and higher than family.
Sister Group: A group that shares an immediate common ancestor with another group.

Taxonomy

Domain Bacteria: Includes notable phyla such as Proteobacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli), Cyanobacteria (e.g., Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp.), and Firmicutes (e.g., Bacillus megatherium, Staphylococcus aureus).
Domain Archaea: Composed of unique phyla such as Crenarchaeota (e.g., thermoacidophiles) and Euryarchaeota (e.g., methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles).
Domain Eukarya: Encompasses a variety of groups, including:
- Alveolata: Phyla include Apicomplexa (e.g., Plasmodium sp.), Ciliophora (e.g., Paramecium sp., Stentor sp.), and Dinoflagellata (e.g., Ceratium sp.).
- Excavata: Phyla include Euglenophyta (e.g., Euglena sp.) and Kinetoplastida (e.g., Trypanosoma sp.).
- Rhizaria: Phyla include Foraminifera (e.g., forams) and Actinopoda (e.g., radiolarians).
- Amoebozoa: Includes Lobosea (e.g., Amoeba sp.) and Myxogastrida (e.g., Physarum sp.).
- Stramenopila: Comprises Oomycota (e.g., Saprolegnia sp.), Bacillariophyta (e.g., diatoms), and Phaeophyta (e.g., Ectocarpus sp.).
- Kingdom Plantae: Includes various phyla such as Rhodophyta (e.g., Callithamnion sp.) and "Chlorophyta" (paraphyletic, e.g., Chlamydomonas sp., Pandorina sp., Volvox sp., Spirogyra sp.).

Phylogenies

Organisms are categorized based on evolutionary relationships, depicting the lineage through tree-like structures.
Stramenopila, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya represent the main domains of life and their evolutionary paths.
Land Plants: Unique group within the Eukarya, including non-tracheophytes (e.g., Hepatophyta, Bryophyta, Lycopodiophyta) and tracheophytes (e.g., Monilophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta, Angiospermae).
Seed Plants: Split into Gymnosperms (e.g., Ginkgo biloba, Sequoiadendron giganteum) and Angiosperms (e.g., monocots, eudicots).

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Description

This quiz covers key vocabulary from the Biology 102 practical lab sessions. Students will review essential terms such as binomial nomenclature, analogous structures, and various biological classifications. It's an important tool for reinforcing knowledge before exams.