Biology Terminology and Elements Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the prefix 'Chemo' refer to?

  • Disease
  • Chemical (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Clusters

Which term refers to clusters of bacteria?

  • -coccus
  • Strepto
  • Staphylo (correct)
  • Nucleo

What does the suffix '-emia' signify?

  • Chemical
  • Twisted chains
  • Blood condition (correct)
  • Berry shaped

What does the prefix 'Patho' indicate?

<p>Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following prefixes indicates a twisted chain formation?

<p>Strepto (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle is negatively charged?

<p>Electron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

<p>Proton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the periodic table, elements are primarily organized by:

<p>Atomic number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle has no charge?

<p>Neutron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences an element's chemical behavior?

<p>Number of electrons in the outer shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element constitutes the largest percentage of the human body?

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements has the lowest percentage in the human body?

<p>Magnesium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is made up of Nitrogen?

<p>3.2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two elements together account for approximately 28.0% of the human body?

<p>Carbon and Hydrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is categorized under 'Others' with a percentage of less than 1.0 in the human body?

<p>Boron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is unique to each element in the periodic table?

<p>Atomic number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification is NOT used for elements in the periodic table?

<p>Noble gases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic mass represent in the periodic table?

<p>The average mass of an atom of that element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sections are labeled in the periodic table?

<p>Lanthanides and Actinides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is found in each element's box in the periodic table?

<p>Element name (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the weighted average of atomic mass represent?

<p>The average atomic mass of all isotopes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a neutron?

<p>Neutral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes radioisotopes unstable?

<p>Excess neutrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle can vary in number without changing the identity of the atom?

<p>Neutron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emitted by radioisotopes as they lose nuclear components?

<p>High-energy radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can the physical half-life of a radioisotope vary?

<p>From seconds to thousands of years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does varying the number of electrons have on an atom?

<p>It creates ions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element?

<p>Atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the physical half-life of a radioisotope?

<p>50% of the radioisotope becomes stable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three forms of matter found in the human body?

<p>Plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example corresponds to a gaseous state of matter in the human body?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is matter primarily composed of?

<p>Atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'matter'?

<p>Anything that occupies space and has mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend occurs with electronegativity as you move across a period in the periodic table?

<p>Electronegativity increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the atomic number change in the periodic table?

<p>It increases from left to right and top to bottom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the relationship between electron arrangement and electronegativity?

<p>Electron arrangement affects electronegativity trends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not directly shown in the periodic table regarding elements?

<p>The arrangement of electron shells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the periodic table indicate about the relationship of elements?

<p>Elements are organized by their properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle explains why elements tend to lose, gain, or share electrons?

<p>Octet rule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the desired number of electrons in an outer shell according to the octet rule?

<p>8 electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the process when elements adjust their electrons?

<p>Atoms achieve stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option reflects a misconception about the octet rule?

<p>All elements must lose electrons to be stable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of achieving a complete outer shell of electrons?

<p>Lower energy state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines isotopes of the same element?

<p>They have different numbers of neutrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about isotopes is true?

<p>Isotopes have identical chemical characteristics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the isotopes of carbon, which is the most prevalent?

<p>Carbon-12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many neutrons does Carbon-13 contain?

<p>7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding isotopes?

<p>Isotopes are identical in every aspect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Periodic Table

A table organizing chemical elements based on their atomic structure and properties, arranged in rows and columns.

Atomic Number

A unique number assigned to each element, representing the number of protons in its atom.

Element Symbol

A one or two-letter abbreviation representing an element's name.

Metal

An element that is typically shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity.

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Nonmetal

An element that is typically dull, brittle, and a poor conductor of heat and electricity.

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Chemo-

Refers to a chemical substance or process.

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Nucleo-

Relates to the nucleus of a cell.

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Patho-

Indicates a disease or abnormal condition.

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Staphylo-

Describes bacteria that grow in grape-like clusters.

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-coccus

Suffix indicating a berry-shaped bacteria.

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What are the subatomic particles?

The atom is made up of three basic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged.

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Where are the subatomic particles located?

Protons and neutrons reside in the center of the atom, forming the nucleus. Electrons orbit around the nucleus in shells.

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What determines the charge of an atom?

The charge of an atom is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons. If they are equal, the atom is neutral. If there are more protons, it's positive. If there are more electrons, it's negative.

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What are isotopes?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. This alters the atom's mass.

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How does changing the number of neutrons impact an atom?

Changing the number of neutrons creates an isotope of the same element, but with a different mass. This can affect the atom's stability and radioactive properties.

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What is the difference between protons and neutrons?

Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, while neutrons are neutral particles also located in the nucleus. They determine an element's atomic mass.

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What are electrons?

Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom in specific energy levels or shells. They determine an element's chemical behavior.

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How are elements organized in the periodic table?

Elements are organized in the periodic table based on their increasing atomic number (number of protons). The table also reflects the arrangement of electrons, with elements in the same column having similar properties.

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How does the location of an element on the periodic table relate to electrons?

An element's position on the periodic table reveals its electron configuration, or the distribution of electrons within its energy levels. Elements in the same column have similar outermost electron configurations, leading to similar chemical behaviors.

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What is matter made of?

Matter is composed of atoms, which are the smallest particles exhibiting the chemical properties of an element.

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What are the three states of matter?

Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Each state has distinct properties based on the arrangement and movement of its atoms.

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What is an atom?

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It's the basic building block of all matter.

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What are the characteristics of a solid?

A solid has a fixed shape and volume. Its atoms are tightly packed and vibrate in place.

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What are the characteristics of a liquid?

A liquid has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container. Its atoms are close together but can move around.

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Electronegativity Trend

Electronegativity describes an atom's ability to attract electrons. It increases as you move across a period from left to right and up a group from bottom to top within the periodic table.

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Shell Model

The shell model represents the arrangement of electrons within an atom's energy levels, also known as shells or orbitals.

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Atomic Number & Periodic Table

The atomic number of an element increases as you move across a period and down a group in the periodic table.

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Atomic Mass & Periodic Table

While not always present, atomic mass is typically displayed on the periodic table. It provides an estimate of the atom's total mass.

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Periodic Table Organization

The periodic table arranges elements in rows (periods) and columns (groups) based on their properties.

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Most abundant element in the human body

Oxygen makes up the largest percentage (65%) of the elements found within the human body, playing a vital role in various physiological processes.

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Second most abundant element in the human body

Think about the building blocks of life - sugar, fats, proteins, DNA.

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Importance of trace elements

Although found in tiny amounts (less than 1%), trace elements like boron, chromium, cobalt, and copper are essential for various bodily functions, often acting as cofactors in enzymes.

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Percentage of calcium in the human body

Calcium constitutes about 1.5% of the human body. It's crucial for bone strength, muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting.

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Role of phosphorus in the human body

Phosphorus is essential for energy production, cell membrane structure, and the formation of bones and teeth, making up about 1% of the human body.

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How are isotopes of an element different?

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons, but differ in the number of neutrons. This affects their atomic mass.

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What is the most common isotope of carbon?

Carbon-12 is the most prevalent isotope of carbon, meaning it occurs most frequently in nature.

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How do isotopes affect chemical properties?

Isotopes of an element exhibit essentially identical chemical characteristics. Their different numbers of neutrons don't impact how they bond with other atoms.

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Give an example of an isotope of carbon.

Carbon-13 is an isotope of carbon. It has 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

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Octet Rule

The tendency of atoms to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable outer shell with eight electrons.

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Electron Shells

Energy levels surrounding the nucleus of an atom where electrons are found. Each shell can hold a certain number of electrons, with the outermost shell determining the atom's reactivity.

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Why do atoms form bonds?

Atoms form bonds to achieve a stable outer shell, usually by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons to fulfill the octet rule.

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How does the octet rule explain chemical stability?

Atoms with filled outer shells are more stable because they have a complete set of electrons, making them less likely to react. The octet rule explains why atoms bond, share, or lose electrons to achieve this stability.

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What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

An atom is a neutral particle with a balance of protons and electrons. An ion is a charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons. A positively charged ion is called a cation, while a negatively charged ion is called an anion.

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Weighted Average Atomic Mass

The average atomic mass of an element accounts for the relative abundance of all its isotopes, assigning more weight to the more prevalent isotopes.

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Radioisotope

An atomic nucleus with an unstable configuration due to an excess of neutrons, leading to the emission of radiation as it transitions to a stable state.

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Physical Half-life

The time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay into a more stable form through radioactive processes.

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What are the three types of radiation?

Radioisotopes decay by emitting various types of radiation: alpha particles (helium nuclei), beta particles (electrons), and gamma rays (high-energy electromagnetic waves).

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Why do isotopes have different masses?

Isotopes of the same element contain the same number of protons but vary in the number of neutrons. As neutrons contribute to the mass number, isotopes have different masses.

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