Biological Systems and Life Forms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the mineral that is common throughout the world as a minor constituent of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks?

Zircon crystal

What are stromatolites?

Microbial reefs created by cyanobacteria or blue-green algae

What is the name of the process by which genetic information is passed on from parent to a child?

Inheritance

What is the name of the process wherein sperm and egg cell unite?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that explains the difference in survival of individual and reproduce in a particular environment?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that is found within the body and provides structural support and protection for the internal organs and tissues?

Endoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the era when trilobites and cephalopods became dominant in the ocean, particularly during the Cambrian and Ordovician periods?

Paleozoic era Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the era that is known as the age of reptiles and has a span of 251 to 65.5 million years ago, divided into the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods?

Mesozoic era Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the era that is based on paleontological evidence and when Homo erectus have evolved?

Cenozoic era Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells?

Chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecule of life, passed from parents to offspring, that contains specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique.

DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the genetic make-up of an individual?

Genotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a process used by humans to develop new organisms with desirable characteristics?

Selective breeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a technique of breeding organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits?

Artificial selection inbreeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a technique that is used to make exact genetic copies of living things?

Cloning Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process of chemically cutting DNA of one organism and putting it into another organism using restriction enzymes?

Gene splicing Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a laboratory method used to separate a mixture of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size and charge?

Gel electrophoresis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first activity of the digestive system?

Ingestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process of taking in nutrients from the food source?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body?

Absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the removal of undigested food materials?

Egestion/elimination Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that facilitates breathing?

Respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen?

Circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that enables to remove excess salt or water in the body?

Urinary system Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that defends the internal environment from invading microorganisms and viruses, as well as cancerous cell growth?

Immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that secretes hormones?

Endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that is composed of the brain and spinal cord?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that provides movement, maintains posture and produces heat?

Muscular system Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that provides support, protection, and attachment points for the muscles and provides a rigid framework for movement?

Skeletal system Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that is an important function for the exoskeleton to act as a barrier preventing microorganisms from access to comparative?

Exoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that is similar physical features in organisms that do not share a common ancestor?

Analogous structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor?

Vestigial structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the branch of biology that deals with the study of interaction and interdependence between living things and their environment?

Ecology Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the area wherein living things associate with each other and with their environment?

Ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of an organism that primarily obtains food by the killing and consuming of other organisms?

Predator Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another animal?

Prey Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of an organism that creates its own food or energy?

Producer Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of an organism that gets its energy by eating plants or animals?

Consumer Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the maximum rate at which the population of a given species can increase when there are no limits on its rate of growth?

Biotic potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the factors that can limit the growth of a population?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Zircon Crystal

Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral.
It's a common mineral found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks worldwide.

Stromatolites

Stromatolites are microbial reefs formed by cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae).

Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are bacteria that obtain energy through photosynthesis.

Protists

Protists are eukaryotes that emerged about 2 billion years ago, coinciding with rising atmospheric oxygen levels.
500 million years ago, a group of invertebrate organisms went extinct.
Dinosaurs appeared between 251 and 68.5 million years ago.
The oldest known early humans (Homo erectus) is mentioned.

Unifying Themes in the Study of Life (Lesson 2)

Biological Systems:
- Systems are complex organizations formed from interconnected components in the study of life.

Reproduction and Inheritance (Lesson 4)

Reproduction: The process of producing offspring that are similar to the parent.
Inheritance: The process by which genetic information is passed from parent to offspring.
Interaction with the Environment: Organisms interact with environments by exchanging matter and energy.
Energy and Life: Energy is needed in chemical forms (carbohydrates, fats, proteins), and can be stored in different forms (light, chemical, kinetic, thermal).
Regulation (Homeostasis): Organisms maintain internal stability (homeostasis) for survival in diverse environments.

Evolution and Diversity (Lesson 4)

Adaptation: Inherited traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproduction.
Evolution: Generation-to-generation changes in the proportion of different inherited genes within a population.
Scientific Inquiry: Scientists explore nature through questions, observations, and experiments.

Science, Technology, and Society

The relationships between science, technology and society are significantly important.

Perpetuation of Life (Lesson 3)

Reproduction (revisited): The process in which new organisms arise from existing ones.
Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction involving a single parent.
Sexual Reproduction: Reproduction involving the combination of genetic material from two parents.

Genetic Engineering (Lesson 4)

Genetics: The study of DNA, how genes function, and inheritance.
Chromosomes: Thread-like structures containing genetic material within the cell nucleus.
DNA: The molecule of life, containing the genetic instructions passed between generations.
Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual.

Endoskeleton (Lesson 6)

Endoskeleton is an internal skeleton found in vertebrates.
Structures made of mineralized tissue (bone and cartilage).

Evolution (Lesson 6)

Evolution is a process of living things or populations changing over time.
Charles Darwin was a pioneering figure who formulated the theory of natural selection in regards to evolution.
Darwin's theory explains the development of life via Natural Selection, Common Descent, Gradualism and Multiplication of Species.

Important figures (Lesson 6)

Thomas Malthus: An economist who observed population growth in relation to resources.
Carolus Linnaeus: Known as the Father of Taxonomy, he developed the binomial system.
Alfred Russel Wallace: A naturalist who independently developed ideas similar to Darwin's on natural selection.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: A proponent of the theory of evolution, although his approach differed from Darwin's.

Mechanisms of Evolution (Lesson 7)

Genetic Drift: Random changes in gene pool due to chance events.
- Bottleneck Effect: A sudden reduction in population size.
- Founder Effect: Small group separates and establishes a new population.
Migration/Gene Flow: Movement of genes between populations.
Mutation: Changes in genetic makeup caused by environmental stressors.
Natural Selection: Explains differences in survival and reproduction based on traits within a particular environment.
Nonrandom Mating: Preferential selection of traits when choosing mates.

Pieces of Evidence

Fossils: Remnants or traces of past life.
Embryology: Study of embryonic development.
Molecular Evidence: Comparisons of molecules like DNA in different species.
Anatomical Evidence: Comparisons of physical structures across different species.
- Homologous Structures: Similar structures in different species with a common ancestor.
- Analogous Structures: Similar structures in unrelated species with a similar function.
- Vestigial Structures: Structures that have lost their original function.

Timeline of Life Forms (Lesson 1)

4.6-3.8 BYA: Formation of zircon crystals, beginning of life conditions.
3.5 BYA: Life forms emerge on Earth based on prokaryotes.
3.0 BYA: Photosynthetic organisms thrive.
2.0 BYA: Eukaryotes appear.
500 MYA: Paleozoic era; trilobites and cephalopods become dominant.
251-65.5 MYA: Mesozoic era.
230 MYA: Cenozoic era.

Organ Systems (Lesson 5 and 6)

Digestion: Four main stages: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion/elimination.
Respiratory System: Facilitates breathing and gas exchange.
Circulatory System: Pumps blood and carries oxygen throughout the body.
Urinary System: Removes waste from the body.
Immune System: Defends the body against pathogens.
Endocrine System: Hormones regulate bodily functions.
Nervous System: Controls bodily functions through both central and peripheral systems.
Muscular System: Enables movement and maintains posture.
- Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary muscles attached to the skeleton.
- Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscles found in various internal organs.
- Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle only found in the heart.
Exoskeleton: Protective outer covering in some animals.

Interdependence (Lesson 8)

Ecology: Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Ecosystem: Area where living things and environment interact.
Predators: Organisms that hunt and kill other organisms for food.
Prey: Organisms that are hunted and killed for food.
Producers: Organisms that create their own food.
Consumers: Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Biotic Potential: Maximum population growth rate of a species.
Environmental Factors: Abiotic factors (diseases, predation, natural disasters) that influence biotic potential and may limit population growth.

Genetic Engineering Techniques (Lesson 10)

Selective Breeding: Developing organisms with desirable traits through selective breeding.
Artificial Selection: Human intervention in selection of traits.
Hybridization: Crossing organisms with different traits for improvement.
Artificial Inbreeding: Breeding organisms with similar traits to maintain desired traits.
Cloning: Creating a genetically identical copy of an organism.
Gene Splicing: Chemically cutting and inserting DNA fragments into other organisms.
Gel Electrophoresis: Separating DNA, RNA, or protein fragments based on size and charge.

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Description

Explore essential concepts in biology, including zircon crystals, stromatolites, and cyanobacteria. This quiz also covers key themes such as biological systems, reproduction, and inheritance. Test your understanding of these fundamental topics in the study of life.