15 Questions
Which hormone shows maximal secretion between 6-8 a.m.?
Cortisol
In which rhythm does the hormone prolactin show maximal secretion 1 hour after going to sleep?
Circadian rhythm
During which stage of development is gonadotrophin released mainly at night?
Adolescence
What is a potential adverse side effect of high doses of the sleeping aid marketed as a 'Health Food Additive'?
Desensitization of melatonin receptors
What type of regulation is involved in the control of synthesis and secretion of hormones?
Hierarchical multi-tier regulation
What are the possible adverse events associated with the sleeping aid in individuals with seizures?
Possible interaction with coumadin/warfarin anticoagulant
What is the main function of CLOCK and BMAL in the molecular clock?
Transcriptional activation
What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in regulating circadian rhythms?
Synchronizes neurons to the intrinsic rhythm
Which cells are primarily responsible for entraining the molecular clock through sensitivity to light?
Ganglion cells
What is the function of the retinohypothalamic tract in relation to the molecular clock?
Resets the molecular clock through neural connection from the retina to SCN
Which gland acts as a link between external photoperiod and internal milieu?
Pineal gland
What is the major hormone secreted by the pineal gland that contributes to circadian rhythms?
Melatonin
How do photosensitive ganglion cells contribute to entrainment of the molecular clock?
By resetting the molecular clock through sensitivity to light
What is the main Zeitgeber that entrains the molecular clock if no external cues are present?
Light
What is the role of peripheral clocks in regulating circadian rhythms?
Intrinsic functions within peripheral tissues
Test your knowledge about biological rhythms, hormones, receptors, and the work of Jean-Jacques Mairan in the 18th century. Explore the concepts of plant movements, cyclicality, and endogenous mechanisms.
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