Biological Molecules Quiz

False (B)

glycosidic

<p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates = Energy storage, structural support Lipids = Energy storage, membrane formation Proteins = Most cellular functions Nucleic acids = Information storage, energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain several hydroxyl (-OH) groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutamic acid (A), Aspartic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH at which half of all molecules of the substance are charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP = Major short-term energy carrier in the cell Nucleotides = Building blocks of nucleic acids, short-term energy carriers Amino acid side chains = Contribute to the diverse properties and functions of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are nonpolar and uncharged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to create and maintain order in a universe tending toward greater disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy can be converted but not created or destroyed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the increase of disorder (entropy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>energetically favorable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1st Law of Thermodynamics = Energy is conserved and cannot be created or destroyed. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics = Increased disorder (entropy) drives reactions. Spontaneous Reaction = Occurs without a net addition of energy. Useable Energy = Energy that can be confined or stored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>β1→4 linkage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UP and DOWN</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>structural</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>β1 OH = Above the plane of the ring α4 OH = Below the plane of the ring Starch = Energy storage polymer Cellulose = Structural polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>11 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α and β</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>left to right</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>b-hexosaminidase A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>b-hexosaminidase A</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglyceride = Energy storage in animals Phospholipid = Component of cell membranes Ganglioside = Involved in cell-cell communication Lipid = Hydrophobic molecules that store energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uniform with side (R) group variability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>amphipathic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides = Energy storage form Phospholipids = Membrane structure Gangliosides = Cell signaling Amino acids = Building blocks of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy in a system is constant; it can change forms but not be created or destroyed.

Energy conversions are never 100% efficient; some energy is lost as heat.

Processes tend to increase disorder (entropy), leading to less available usable energy.

A reaction that occurs without a net addition of energy; it happens naturally.

Cells can exchange energy with their environment, thus increasing biological order.

Refers to the orientation of OH groups on sugar carbons; β is above, α is below the ring plane.

A bond formed between sugars during a condensation reaction, linking specific OH groups.

A chemical reaction that involves joining two molecules, producing water as a byproduct.

Two glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds in various configurations.

Polysaccharides that have side chains or branches from the main chain structure.

Starch is digestible energy storage; cellulose is non-digestible structural component.

Refers to the arrangement of hydroxyl groups on sugar molecules, influencing their properties.

Large molecules made up of repeating glucose units, like starch and cellulose.

Energy storage molecules (like starch) are for energy, while structural molecules (like cellulose) provide support.

Carbon-based molecules essential for cell structure and function.

Small subunit molecules that link to form polymers.

Large molecules formed by linking together monomers.

Polymers made of sugar monomers, used for energy and structure.

Fatty acid polymers used for energy storage and membranes.

Polymers of amino acids that perform various cellular functions.

Polymers of nucleotides involved in genetic information storage.

Molecules with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.

A genetic disorder caused by GM2 ganglioside accumulation.

A lipid involved in cell communication and plasticity.

Proteins that speed up biochemical reactions.

Building blocks of proteins with variable side groups.

Energy storage lipids consisting of glycerol and fatty acids.

Molecules forming cell membranes with a hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head.

Enzyme that metabolizes GM2 ganglioside, lacking in Tay-Sachs.

Process by which cells use signals to interact with each other.

Variations of amino acids that affect their chemical properties.

Amino acids that can gain or lose protons (H+) at neutral pH.

Amino acids that can donate protons, such as Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid.

Amino acids that can accept protons, including Histidine, Lysine, and Arginine.

The pH at which half of an ionizable substance is charged.

Building blocks of nucleic acids, also short-term energy carriers.

The primary energy carrier in all living cells.

Molecules that carry a positive or negative charge, often polar and reactive.

The ability of living organisms to maintain structure and function amidst disorder.

Molecules that have a partial charge due to uneven distribution of electrons.