Biological Molecules and Macromolecules Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the scientific method?

  • Conducting background research to gather information
  • Testing the explanation or educated guess based on available information
  • Making an observation about a particular phenomenon or asking a question about it (correct)
  • Forming hypotheses and designing experiments or studies

    • What is a hypothesis in the scientific method?

  • Conducting background research to gather information
  • Predicting the outcome of an experiment or observation
  • A testable explanation or educated guess based on the available information (correct)
  • Making observations about a particular phenomenon or asking questions about it

    • What does the scientific method aim to assist individuals in determining?

  • The variety of opinions about a particular phenomenon
  • The correctness of their prior knowledge
  • Their existing understanding and level of certainty in their knowledge (correct)
  • The absolute certainty in their knowledge

    • What is the purpose of the scientific method?

    <p>To investigate how things work and gain new knowledge/insight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid has one or more double bonds (C=C) in their hydrocarbon chains?

    <p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which configuration do the hydrogens in a cis double bond lie?

    <p>On the same side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the cis configuration of C=C double bonds have on the fluidity of fats?

    <p>Promotes fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of steroids in biological membranes?

    <p>Structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of a phospholipid?

    <p>A glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a hydrophilic head group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fats are solid at room temperature?

    <p>Saturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the phosphate group in a phospholipid?

    <p>Contributing to structural integrity of membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of unsaturated fatty acids when compared to saturated fatty acids?

    <p>Presence of double bonds (C=C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the type of atom?

    <p>Number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are isotopes?

    <p>Elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ions?

    <p>Atoms or molecules with a different number of protons and electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures an atom's ability to attract electrons?

    <p>Electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons?

    <p>Polar covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds involve the transfer of electrons?

    <p>Ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are weak and transient?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique properties does water exhibit due to extensive hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Cohesion and adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules may be soluble in water?

    <p>Hydrophilic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the backbone of all biological molecules?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bonds does a carbon atom typically form?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What roles do C-based molecules play in cells?

    <p>Structural and metabolic roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific method primarily based on?

    <p>Falsifiable hypotheses, experimentation, and data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of science uses inductive reasoning to form generalizations based on specific observations or evidence?

    <p>Induction-based science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method does hypothesis-based science use to test hypotheses through experimentation?

    <p>Hypothetico-deductive method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two kinds of hypotheses described in the text?

    <p>Testable and non-testable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does every experiment require, including positive and negative types?

    <p>A control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fundamental to the scientific method?

    <p>The rejection of old ideas and testing of new ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are theories accepted in science?

    <p>If supported by a large body of evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reinforces the validity of experiments?

    <p>Larger sample sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Occam's Razor suggest when several explanations are compatible with the evidence at hand?

    <p>The simplest explanation is the most likely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does basic chemistry explain as the basic building blocks of matter?

    <p>Atoms, composed of neutrons, protons, and electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is deuterium?

    <p>A hydrogen isotope with a neutron in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isomerism can occur in C-based molecules due to the ability of carbon atoms to form single, double, and triple bonds?

    <p>Structural isomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes non-superimposable mirror images of each other, occurring when a C atom has 4 different attachments?

    <p>Enantiomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are macromolecules synthesized from monomer subunits?

    <p>Through condensation synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do polymers consist of?

    <p>Many linked monomers through covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are covalent bonds formed in condensation reactions?

    <p>Through the loss of a water molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are lipids not considered macromolecules?

    <p>Due to lacking monomer subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fats, or triglycerides?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isomerism can occur in C-based molecules when their spatial arrangement around a double bond differs?

    <p>Geometric isomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are oligosaccharides?

    <p>Short chains of 2 or more sugar monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds make lipids typically insoluble in water?

    <p>Non-polar covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process forms fats through the covalent attachment of three fatty acids to a glycerol?

    <p>Condensation synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for large macromolecules with hundreds to thousands of linked monomer subunits?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biological Molecules and Macromolecules

    • Carbon atoms can form single, double, and triple bonds, leading to isomerism in C-based molecules
    • Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, occurring when a C atom has 4 different attachments
    • Macromolecules are large biological molecules composed of many monomer subunits, synthesized through condensation synthesis
    • Monomers are the building blocks of polymers, and polymers consist of many linked monomers through covalent bonds
    • Condensation reactions form covalent bonds through the loss of a water molecule, while hydrolysis breaks apart bonds with the addition of water
    • Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are examples of macromolecules, while lipids are not considered macromolecules due to lacking monomer subunits
    • Monosaccharides are primarily carbon-based molecules with 5-6 carbon atoms, highly water-soluble, and exist in equilibrium between linear and ring forms
    • Oligosaccharides are short chains of 2 or more sugar monomers, formed by condensation synthesis, and can include longer chains up to 16-18 monosaccharide monomers
    • Polysaccharides are large macromolecules with hundreds to thousands of linked monomer subunits, poorly water-soluble but hydrophilic
    • Lipids are typically not soluble in water due to their non-polar covalent bonds, consisting of fats, phospholipids, and steroids
    • Fats, or triglycerides, consist of three fatty acids covalently attached to a glycerol, primarily used as energy storage molecules
    • Three condensation reactions release three molecules of water in the process of forming fats.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of biological molecules and macromolecules with this quiz. Explore the properties, structures, and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, as well as the processes of condensation synthesis and hydrolysis. Dive into the world of monomers, polymers, and the unique characteristics of various macromolecules.

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