Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
- Energy storage (correct)
- Movement
- Cell structure
- Transport
Which type of lipid is primarily responsible for waterproofing?
Which type of lipid is primarily responsible for waterproofing?
- Steroids
- Waxes (correct)
- Phospholipids
- Triglycerides
Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fats?
Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fats?
- They have only single bonds between carbon atoms
- They are typically found in animal products
- They are solid at room temperature
- They are liquid at room temperature (correct)
Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA?
Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA?
Which type of protein is responsible for providing skin elasticity?
Which type of protein is responsible for providing skin elasticity?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between an enzyme and a protein?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between an enzyme and a protein?
Which of the following is a characteristic of purines?
Which of the following is a characteristic of purines?
Which of the following correctly describes the function of a hormone?
Which of the following correctly describes the function of a hormone?
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants?
Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants?
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Which of the following is a monomer of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is a monomer of carbohydrates?
What is the primary function of lipids in the body?
What is the primary function of lipids in the body?
Which of the following is a monosaccharide found in fruits?
Which of the following is a monosaccharide found in fruits?
Which of the following molecules is an organic molecule?
Which of the following molecules is an organic molecule?
Which of the following is a difference between monomers and polymers?
Which of the following is a difference between monomers and polymers?
Flashcards
Phospholipids
Phospholipids
Molecules with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, forming cell membranes.
Steroids
Steroids
Lipids that include hormones and cholesterol, important for membrane fluidity.
Saturated Fats
Saturated Fats
Fats that are solid at room temperature, typically found in animal fats.
Unsaturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats
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Amino Acids
Amino Acids
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Nucleotides
Nucleotides
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DNA vs RNA
DNA vs RNA
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Enzyme
Enzyme
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Biological Macromolecules
Biological Macromolecules
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Monomers
Monomers
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Polymers
Polymers
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
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Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
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Triglycerides
Triglycerides
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Study Notes
Biological Macromolecules
- Large organic molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- Monomers are the building blocks of macromolecules.
- Polymers are large molecules made from monomers.
- Key elements found in macromolecules include carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N).
Carbohydrates
- Function: Provide quick energy and structural support.
- Monomer: Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose, fructose).
- Polymer: Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen).
- Types of carbohydrates:
- Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, galactose
- Disaccharides: Sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose).
- Polysaccharides: Starch (plant energy storage), glycogen (animal energy storage), cellulose (plant cell walls).
- How to distinguish similar terms: Glucose vs. fructose vs. galactose; starch vs. glycogen vs. cellulose.
Lipids
- Function: Long-term energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.
- Monomer: Fatty acids and glycerol.
- Polymer: Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes.
- Types of lipids:
- Triglycerides (fats and oils): Saturated (solid at room temperature) and unsaturated (liquid at room temperature).
- Phospholipids (cell membrane structure): Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
- Steroids: Cholesterol (membrane fluidity, steroid precursor), hormones (testosterone, estrogen).
- Waxes (waterproofing): Found in plants (leaf coating) and animals (earwax, beeswax).
- How to distinguish similar terms: Saturated vs. unsaturated fats; phospholipids vs. triglycerides.
Proteins
- Function: Cell structure, movement, transport, enzymes, and immune response.
- Monomer: Amino acids (20 types).
- Polymer: Polypeptides (proteins).
- Examples of proteins:
- Structural proteins: Keratin (hair and nails), collagen (skin elasticity).
- Enzymes: Amylase (breaks down starch), pepsin (digests proteins).
- Hormones: Insulin (regulates blood sugar), growth hormone.
- Antibodies: Protect the body from pathogens.
- How to distinguish similar terms: Protein vs. enzyme vs. hormone; keratin vs. collagen.
Nucleic Acids
- Function: Store and transmit genetic information.
- Monomer: Nucleotide.
- Polymer: DNA and RNA.
- Nucleotide structure: Nitrogenous base (A, T/U, C, G), pentose sugar (deoxyribose for DNA, ribose for RNA), and phosphate group.
- How to distinguish similar terms: DNA vs. RNA; purines vs. pyrimidines.
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
- Flow of genetic information: DNA → (transcription) → RNA → (translation) → protein.
- How to distinguish similar terms: Transcription vs. translation; mRNA vs. tRNA vs. rRNA.
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