Biological Macromolecules Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

  • Energy storage (correct)
  • Movement
  • Cell structure
  • Transport

    • Which type of lipid is primarily responsible for waterproofing?

  • Steroids
  • Waxes (correct)
  • Phospholipids
  • Triglycerides

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fats?

  • They have only single bonds between carbon atoms
  • They are typically found in animal products
  • They are solid at room temperature
  • They are liquid at room temperature (correct)

    • Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA uses the nitrogenous base thymine, while RNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein is responsible for providing skin elasticity?

    <p>Collagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between an enzyme and a protein?

    <p>Enzymes are a specific type of protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of purines?

    <p>They include the bases adenine and guanine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of a hormone?

    <p>Hormones transmit signals between cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

    <p>Storing genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants?

    <p>Starch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

    <p>Saturated fats contain double bonds between carbon atoms, unsaturated fats do not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a monomer of carbohydrates?

    <p>Monosaccharide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipids in the body?

    <p>Storing energy for long periods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a monosaccharide found in fruits?

    <p>Fructose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is an organic molecule?

    <p>Glucose (C6H12O6) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a difference between monomers and polymers?

    <p>Monomers are the building blocks of polymers, while polymers are made of many monomers linked together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Phospholipids

    Molecules with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, forming cell membranes.

    Steroids

    Lipids that include hormones and cholesterol, important for membrane fluidity.

    Saturated Fats

    Fats that are solid at room temperature, typically found in animal fats.

    Unsaturated Fats

    Fats that are liquid at room temperature, usually from plants like olive oil.

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    Amino Acids

    The 20 types of monomers that make up proteins.

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    Nucleotides

    Monomers that form nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) with three components: base, sugar, and phosphate.

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    DNA vs RNA

    DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic info; RNA is single-stranded and helps in protein synthesis.

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    Enzyme

    A type of protein that accelerates chemical reactions in the body.

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    Biological Macromolecules

    Large organic molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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    Monomers

    Building blocks of macromolecules, e.g., amino acids for proteins.

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    Polymers

    Large molecules made from linked monomers, e.g., proteins from amino acids.

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    Carbohydrates

    Macromolecules that provide quick energy and structural support.

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    Monosaccharides

    Single sugar molecules, e.g., glucose, fructose.

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    Triglycerides

    Lipids composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids, used for long-term energy storage.

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    Study Notes

    Biological Macromolecules

    • Large organic molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
    • Monomers are the building blocks of macromolecules.
    • Polymers are large molecules made from monomers.
    • Key elements found in macromolecules include carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N).

    Carbohydrates

    • Function: Provide quick energy and structural support.
    • Monomer: Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose, fructose).
    • Polymer: Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen).
    • Types of carbohydrates:
      • Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, galactose
      • Disaccharides: Sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose).
      • Polysaccharides: Starch (plant energy storage), glycogen (animal energy storage), cellulose (plant cell walls).
    • How to distinguish similar terms: Glucose vs. fructose vs. galactose; starch vs. glycogen vs. cellulose.

    Lipids

    • Function: Long-term energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.
    • Monomer: Fatty acids and glycerol.
    • Polymer: Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes.
    • Types of lipids:
      • Triglycerides (fats and oils): Saturated (solid at room temperature) and unsaturated (liquid at room temperature).
      • Phospholipids (cell membrane structure): Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
      • Steroids: Cholesterol (membrane fluidity, steroid precursor), hormones (testosterone, estrogen).
      • Waxes (waterproofing): Found in plants (leaf coating) and animals (earwax, beeswax).
    • How to distinguish similar terms: Saturated vs. unsaturated fats; phospholipids vs. triglycerides.

    Proteins

    • Function: Cell structure, movement, transport, enzymes, and immune response.
    • Monomer: Amino acids (20 types).
    • Polymer: Polypeptides (proteins).
    • Examples of proteins:
      • Structural proteins: Keratin (hair and nails), collagen (skin elasticity).
      • Enzymes: Amylase (breaks down starch), pepsin (digests proteins).
      • Hormones: Insulin (regulates blood sugar), growth hormone.
      • Antibodies: Protect the body from pathogens.
    • How to distinguish similar terms: Protein vs. enzyme vs. hormone; keratin vs. collagen.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Function: Store and transmit genetic information.
    • Monomer: Nucleotide.
    • Polymer: DNA and RNA.
    • Nucleotide structure: Nitrogenous base (A, T/U, C, G), pentose sugar (deoxyribose for DNA, ribose for RNA), and phosphate group.
    • How to distinguish similar terms: DNA vs. RNA; purines vs. pyrimidines.

    The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    • Flow of genetic information: DNA → (transcription) → RNA → (translation) → protein.
    • How to distinguish similar terms: Transcription vs. translation; mRNA vs. tRNA vs. rRNA.

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    Related Documents

    Biological Macromolecules Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential biological macromolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz covers their structures, functions, and the key monomers and polymers involved. Test your understanding of the various types and characteristics of these vital molecules.

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