PSYC 1000 - Ch. 11.1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a biological drive?

  • The desire to get a promotion at work.
  • Feeling thirsty after a long workout. (correct)
  • The need to maintain an organized workspace.
  • The motivation to attend a social event.

What distinguishes allostasis from homeostasis?

  • Allostasis focuses on current needs, while homeostasis anticipates future needs.
  • Allostasis anticipates future needs, while homeostasis maintains stability for current needs. (correct)
  • Homeostasis adapts to external environments, but allostasis does not.
  • Homeostasis is driven by stress, whereas allostasis is not.

What role does the lateral hypothalamus play in hunger regulation?

  • It is involved in inhibiting the release of appetite-stimulating hormones.
  • It acts as the "on switch," stimulating eating behavior. (correct)
  • It monitors blood glucose levels to regulate appetite.
  • It acts as the "off switch," signaling when to stop eating.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for decreasing hunger after a meal?

<p>Cholecystokinin (CCK) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Janice's tendency to eat more when stressed during her exams is best explained by:

<p>Allostasis, as her body anticipates increased energy demands due to stress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

<p>Anorexia involves self-starvation, while bulimia involves cycles of bingeing and purging. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive phenomenon explains the tendency to eat larger portions simply because they are presented as a single serving?

<p>Unit bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does dopamine contribute to the reward response associated with eating?

<p>It is released during both the tasting and digestion of food, enhancing the pleasure of eating. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social influence on eating behavior is demonstrated when someone eats less to appear polite in a social setting?

<p>Impression management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are modern diets high in processed foods potentially problematic, according to evolutionary psychology?

<p>They often act as supernormal stimuli, providing unnaturally high levels of sugar and fat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus in eating behavior?

<p>Functions as the &quot;off switch,&quot; inhibiting eating behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why anorexia nervosa has such a high mortality rate?

<p>It involves severe physical health consequences due to chronic starvation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes allostasis?

<p>Motivation driven by anticipating future energy demands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone unconsciously eat more when sitting at a dinner table for a long period?

<p>Social facilitation increases the likelihood of prolonged eating. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would likely happen if the lateral hypothalamus in a lab rat was damaged?

<p>The rat would lose its appetite and stop eating. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological factor might explain why a person consumes more when eating mindlessly while watching TV?

<p>Reduced mindfulness diminishes awareness of satiety cues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes sugar and certain drugs similar in their effects on the brain?

<p>Both act as supernormal stimuli, excessively activating reward pathways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the reproduction suppression hypothesis suggest about eating disorders?

<p>Females with low social support may reduce food intake to delay reproduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most strongly distinguishes bulimia nervosa from anorexia nervosa?

<p>Bulimia involves impulsivity, while anorexia does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the paraventricular nucleus in regulating hunger?

<p>It decreases hunger by inhibiting the lateral hypothalamus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might individuals in a social setting eat less than they normally would?

<p>Impression management leads to minimal eating norms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ghrelin influence hunger?

<p>It increases hunger by stimulating the lateral hypothalamus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain area is most associated with emotional processing related to food rewards?

<p>The cingulate cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best explains the prevalence of eating disorders in Western cultures?

<p>Media depictions of beauty create unrealistic body ideals that influence vulnerable individuals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region shows increased activity when individuals with eating disorders are shown negative body-related words?

<p>Amygdala (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do males with "reverse anorexia" differ from females with anorexia nervosa?

<p>Males with reverse anorexia have a positive view of their bodies but are equally obsessive about appearance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage and one limitation of using AI in treating eating disorders?

<p>AI can improve symptom screening but risks providing harmful advice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biological Drive

A need from the body's physiological processes to maintain homeostasis (balance).

Allostasis

Predicting and addressing future physiological demands, often driven by stress.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal state in response to immediate needs.

Lateral Hypothalamus

Brain region that stimulates eating behavior.

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Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Hormone that decreases hunger after a meal.

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Allostasis (Stress and Eating)

Responding to stress by anticipating future energy needs and motivating to consume more calories.

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Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and intense fear of weight gain.

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Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder involving cycles of bingeing and purging.

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Unit Bias

Assuming that a portion size is appropriate to consume regardless of volume or calories.

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Dopamine (Eating)

Released during tasting and digestion of food; enhances pleasure.

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Impression Management (Food)

Controlling eating behavior to conform to social norms.

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Supernormal Stimuli

Foods providing unnaturally high levels of sugar and fat.

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Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Brain region that inhibits eating behavior, acting as the 'off' switch.

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Mortality Rate (Anorexia)

High risk of death due to severe malnutrition and health complications.

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Allostasis (Definition)

Motivation driven by anticipating future energy demands.

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Social Facilitation (Eating)

Eating more in social settings where extended time at table encourages continued consumption.

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Lateral Hypothalamus Damage

Leads to loss of appetite and decreased food intake.

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Mindless Eating

Eating without awareness of satiety cues.

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Sugar and Drugs (Similarity)

Both act as supernormal stimuli, excessively activating the brain's reward pathways.

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Reproductive Suppression Hypothesis

Females with low social support may reduce food intake to delay reproduction.

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Bulimia vs Anorexia (Difference)

Bulimia involves binge-purge cycles; anorexia involves self-starvation.

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Paraventricular Nucleus

Brain region that helps regulate hunger by decreasing the hunger hormone's activation.

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Impression Management (Eating)

Individuals eat less in social settings to project politeness or self-control.

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Ghrelin's Role

Increases hunger by stimulating the lateral hypothalamus.

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Cingulate Cortex (Eating)

Emotional processing related to food rewards; involved in the pleasure of eating.

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Western Cultures (Eating Disorders)

Media depicts unrealistic body ideals in Western cultures, impacting individuals.

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Amygdala (Eating Disorders)

Shows increased activity when individuals with eating disorders see negative body-related words.

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Reverse Anorexia (Males)

Males with a positive view of their bodies but obsessive about achieving muscularity.

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AI in Eating Disorders Treatment

AI can improve symptom screening but includes the risk of offering harmful advice.

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Study Notes

Biological Drives and Homeostasis

  • Biological drives are physiological processes that signal a need, like feeling thirsty after a workout
  • Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of a stable internal state
  • Allostasis involves anticipating future physiological demands and addressing them

Lateral Hypothalamus

  • The lateral hypothalamus is the "on switch" for hunger, initiating eating behavior
  • It stimulates eating behavior

Hormones and Hunger Regulation

  • Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released after eating, signaling the hypothalamus to decrease appetite, which decreases hunger.
  • Insulin helps decrease hunger after a meal.

Anorexia Nervosa vs. Bulimia Nervosa

  • Anorexia nervosa is characterized by self-starvation and an intense fear of weight gain
  • Bulimia nervosa involves cycles of bingeing and purging

Cognitive Phenomena in Eating

  • Unit bias is the tendency to perceive a single portion size as the appropriate amount to eat.

Dopamine and Reward

  • Dopamine release during eating enhances the pleasure of tasting and digesting food

Social Influence on Eating

  • Impression management involves controlling eating behaviour in social settings, eating less to appear polite.

Modern Diets and Evolutionary Psychology

  • Modern processed foods, high in sugar and fat, act as supernormal stimuli that overstimulate reward pathways in the brain
  • High concentrations of sugar and fat in processed foods result in problems because the body is not designed to take in that high of a concentration.

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

  • The ventromedial hypothalamus acts as the "off switch" for hunger, inhibiting the lateral hypothalamus.

Anorexia Mortality

  • Anorexia is linked to significantly high mortality rates, due to physical consequences of starvation.

Allostasis

  • Allostasis is a physiological process that prepares the body for future demands from immediate needs

Eating Disorders and Media

  • Media depictions of beauty create unrealistic body ideals that influence those vulnerable to eating disorders, creating issues of self-perception for those with eating disorders.

Brain Activity and Eating Disorders

  • The amygdala, associated with fear and emotions, shows increased activity in individuals with eating disorders when exposed to negative body-related words.

Reverse Anorexia

  • Males with "reverse anorexia" maintain a positive body image but are obsessive about appearance, specifically muscle gain, and focus on weight loss.

AI in Treating Eating Disorders

  • AI can improve symptom screening but may also provide harmful advice. This is a double-edged sword. There are benefits and risks in using AI.

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