PSYC 1000 - Ch. 11.1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a biological drive?

The desire to get a promotion at work.

Feeling thirsty after a long workout. (correct)

The need to maintain an organized workspace.

The motivation to attend a social event.

What distinguishes allostasis from homeostasis?

Allostasis focuses on current needs, while homeostasis anticipates future needs.

Allostasis anticipates future needs, while homeostasis maintains stability for current needs. (correct)

Homeostasis adapts to external environments, but allostasis does not.

Homeostasis is driven by stress, whereas allostasis is not.

What role does the lateral hypothalamus play in hunger regulation?

It is involved in inhibiting the release of appetite-stimulating hormones.

It acts as the "on switch," stimulating eating behavior. (correct)

It monitors blood glucose levels to regulate appetite.

It acts as the "off switch," signaling when to stop eating.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for decreasing hunger after a meal?

Cholecystokinin (CCK) Signup and view all the answers

Janice's tendency to eat more when stressed during her exams is best explained by:

Allostasis, as her body anticipates increased energy demands due to stress. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Anorexia involves self-starvation, while bulimia involves cycles of bingeing and purging. Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive phenomenon explains the tendency to eat larger portions simply because they are presented as a single serving?

Unit bias Signup and view all the answers

How does dopamine contribute to the reward response associated with eating?

It is released during both the tasting and digestion of food, enhancing the pleasure of eating. Signup and view all the answers

Which social influence on eating behavior is demonstrated when someone eats less to appear polite in a social setting?

Impression management Signup and view all the answers

Why are modern diets high in processed foods potentially problematic, according to evolutionary psychology?

They often act as supernormal stimuli, providing unnaturally high levels of sugar and fat. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus in eating behavior?

Functions as the "off switch," inhibiting eating behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why anorexia nervosa has such a high mortality rate?

It involves severe physical health consequences due to chronic starvation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes allostasis?

Motivation driven by anticipating future energy demands. Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone unconsciously eat more when sitting at a dinner table for a long period?

Social facilitation increases the likelihood of prolonged eating. Signup and view all the answers

What would likely happen if the lateral hypothalamus in a lab rat was damaged?

The rat would lose its appetite and stop eating. Signup and view all the answers

What psychological factor might explain why a person consumes more when eating mindlessly while watching TV?

Reduced mindfulness diminishes awareness of satiety cues. Signup and view all the answers

What makes sugar and certain drugs similar in their effects on the brain?

Both act as supernormal stimuli, excessively activating reward pathways. Signup and view all the answers

What does the reproduction suppression hypothesis suggest about eating disorders?

Females with low social support may reduce food intake to delay reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most strongly distinguishes bulimia nervosa from anorexia nervosa?

Bulimia involves impulsivity, while anorexia does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the paraventricular nucleus in regulating hunger?

It decreases hunger by inhibiting the lateral hypothalamus. Signup and view all the answers

Why might individuals in a social setting eat less than they normally would?

Impression management leads to minimal eating norms. Signup and view all the answers

How does ghrelin influence hunger?

It increases hunger by stimulating the lateral hypothalamus. Signup and view all the answers

Which brain area is most associated with emotional processing related to food rewards?

The cingulate cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best explains the prevalence of eating disorders in Western cultures?

Media depictions of beauty create unrealistic body ideals that influence vulnerable individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region shows increased activity when individuals with eating disorders are shown negative body-related words?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

How do males with "reverse anorexia" differ from females with anorexia nervosa?

Males with reverse anorexia have a positive view of their bodies but are equally obsessive about appearance. Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage and one limitation of using AI in treating eating disorders?

AI can improve symptom screening but risks providing harmful advice. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biological Drives and Homeostasis

Biological drives are physiological processes that signal a need, like feeling thirsty after a workout
Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of a stable internal state
Allostasis involves anticipating future physiological demands and addressing them

Lateral Hypothalamus

The lateral hypothalamus is the "on switch" for hunger, initiating eating behavior
It stimulates eating behavior

Hormones and Hunger Regulation

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released after eating, signaling the hypothalamus to decrease appetite, which decreases hunger.
Insulin helps decrease hunger after a meal.

Anorexia Nervosa vs. Bulimia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by self-starvation and an intense fear of weight gain
Bulimia nervosa involves cycles of bingeing and purging

Cognitive Phenomena in Eating

Unit bias is the tendency to perceive a single portion size as the appropriate amount to eat.

Dopamine and Reward

Dopamine release during eating enhances the pleasure of tasting and digesting food

Impression management involves controlling eating behaviour in social settings, eating less to appear polite.

Modern Diets and Evolutionary Psychology

Modern processed foods, high in sugar and fat, act as supernormal stimuli that overstimulate reward pathways in the brain
High concentrations of sugar and fat in processed foods result in problems because the body is not designed to take in that high of a concentration.

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

The ventromedial hypothalamus acts as the "off switch" for hunger, inhibiting the lateral hypothalamus.

Anorexia Mortality

Anorexia is linked to significantly high mortality rates, due to physical consequences of starvation.

Allostasis

Allostasis is a physiological process that prepares the body for future demands from immediate needs

Eating Disorders and Media

Media depictions of beauty create unrealistic body ideals that influence those vulnerable to eating disorders, creating issues of self-perception for those with eating disorders.

Brain Activity and Eating Disorders

The amygdala, associated with fear and emotions, shows increased activity in individuals with eating disorders when exposed to negative body-related words.

Reverse Anorexia

Males with "reverse anorexia" maintain a positive body image but are obsessive about appearance, specifically muscle gain, and focus on weight loss.

AI in Treating Eating Disorders

AI can improve symptom screening but may also provide harmful advice. This is a double-edged sword. There are benefits and risks in using AI.

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Description

Explore the physiological processes behind biological drives, homeostasis, and hunger regulation. Understand the roles of the lateral hypothalamus and hormones in eating behavior, and differentiate between anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Discover cognitive phenomena such as unit bias and the influence of dopamine on reward.