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Questions and Answers
What is one biological consequence of complement activation that enhances phagocytosis?
What is one biological consequence of complement activation that enhances phagocytosis?
- C5a
- C3b (correct)
- C5,6,7 complex
- C1q (correct)
Which complement component is primarily responsible for chemotaxis and attracting neutrophils?
Which complement component is primarily responsible for chemotaxis and attracting neutrophils?
- C5a (correct)
- C1q
- MAC
- C3b
What effect does the complement system have on antibody production?
What effect does the complement system have on antibody production?
- Reduces the affinity of antibodies for antigens
- Enhances antibody production by B cells (correct)
- Inhibits antibody production in B cells
- Has no effect on antibody production
Which condition is NOT associated with disorders of the complement system?
Which condition is NOT associated with disorders of the complement system?
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What is the primary effect of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) in complement activation?
What is the primary effect of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) in complement activation?
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Study Notes
Biological Consequences of Complement Activation
- Opsonization: C3b and C1q enhance phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction by immune cells.
- Chemotaxis: C5a and the C5,6,7 complex attract neutrophils to the site of infection.
- C5a: Enhances the adhesiveness of neutrophils to the endothelium, allowing them to migrate to the infected area.
- Lysis (Membrane Attack Complex - MAC): Creates pores in the membrane of pathogens, disrupting their integrity.
- May have a limited effect on gram-positive organisms due to their thick cell wall.
- Enhancement of Antibody Production: C3b binding to its receptor on B cells enhances antibody production, increasing the immune response.
- Clearance of Immune Complexes: The complement system helps remove immune complexes from circulation, depositing them in the liver and spleen for processing.
Disorders of the Complement System
- Autoimmune Diseases:
- Lupus erythematosus: Characterized by inflammation and tissue damage in affected organs due to dysregulation of the complement system.
- Hereditary Angioedema: Caused by a deficiency in C1 inhibitor, resulting in increased capillary permeability and edema in various organs.
- Other Conditions:
- Asthma
- Schizophrenia
- Alzheimer’s Disease
- Multiple Sclerosis: A condition affecting the brain and spinal cord, potentially causing neurological dysfunction.
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