30 Questions
What is the mechanism by which CD16 recognizes antibody-coated cells?
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
What is the function of ITAMs when activated?
They promote the activation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases
What is the role of IFN-γ in the context of NK cells?
It is produced by NK cells during ADCC
What is the function of KIRs on NK cells?
They inhibit signaling by activating receptors
What is the function of ITIMs when phosphorylated?
They promote the activation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatases
What is the outcome of ADCC?
Killing of cells recognized by antibody-coated cells
What is the function of phosphatases in NK cells?
Removing phosphate groups from tyrosine residues to block NK cell activation
What is a characteristic of the innate immune system's response to repeat encounters with a microbe?
It responds in the same way to each successive encounter
What is the basis of how vaccines work?
Memory of prior encounters
What do phagocytes express to recognize microbes?
Receptors for PAMPs such as LPS and peptidoglycans
What is the function of type I INF in NK cells?
To block viral replication within cells
What is a characteristic of the innate immune system's recognition of microbes?
It recognizes structures shared by various classes of microbes
What is the role of the complement system in defense against microbes?
To provide a collection of circulating and membrane-associated proteins
What is the alternative pathway of the complement system triggered by?
Complement proteins activated on microbial surfaces
Which pathway of the complement system is a component of the humoral arm of adaptive immunity?
Classical pathway
What is the role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in the lectin pathway?
To bind to its carbohydrate ligands on microbes and activate proteins of the classical pathway
What is diapedesis in the context of inflammation?
The migration of cells out of blood vessels into the tissues
Which of the following is a common feature of the alternative and lectin pathways?
Both are components of innate immunity
What is the primary function of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)?
To stimulate the expression of genes involved in antimicrobial functions
What is the common structural feature shared by all NLRs?
A nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)
What is the function of NLRP-3?
To sense the presence of microbial products and cellular damage
What is the outcome of NLRP-3 oligomerization with an adaptor protein and pro-caspase-1?
The activation of caspase-1 and generation of biologically active IL-1β
What substances can activate NLRP-3?
Microbial products, substances indicating cell damage and death, and endogenous substances in excess
What is the result of caspase-1 activation in the NLRP-3 pathway?
The generation of biologically active IL-1β
What is the name of the cytosolic complex composed of NLRP-3, an adaptor, and caspase-1?
Inflammasome
What is the result of gain-of-function mutations in the sensor components of the inflammasome?
Uncontrolled and spontaneous inflammation
What is the role of the inflammasome in gout and pseudogout?
Recognizing crystals and inducing IL-1-mediated acute inflammation
What is the effect of IL-1 antagonists on autoinflammatory syndromes?
They are very effective in treating the disease
What is the role of the inflammasome in metabolic syndrome?
Recognizing lipids and free fatty acids and inducing IL-1 production
What is the name of the protein component that contains the pyrin domain?
NLRP-3
Understand the functions of the complement system in defense against microbes and its role in inflammation and repair.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
