BIOL202 Block 1 Lecture 1 Overview of Brain and Spinal Cord

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What is the primary function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Enhancing involuntary gut function

Slowing down heart rate

Promoting fight-or-flight responses (correct)

Supporting rest-and-digest activities

Which division of the nervous system consists of approximately 100 million neurons associated with the gastrointestinal tract?

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Enteric Nervous System (ENS) (correct)

What is the primary role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Slowing down heart rate (correct)

Increasing heart rate

Enhancing voluntary muscle actions

Supporting 'fight-or-flight' responses

Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary actions and communicates with the central nervous system via sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons?

Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Dentate gyrus in the limbic system?

Memory Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the limbic system is associated with emotions such as fear and anger?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

Which meningeal layer is the most superficial and tough protective covering of the central nervous system?

Dura mater Signup and view all the answers

In which brain lobe is the Cingulate gyrus located?

Frontal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mammillary bodies?

Relay stations for reflexes related to the sense of smell Signup and view all the answers

Where is the median eminence located?

Around the infundibulum Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the hypothalamus includes the dorsomedial nucleus and ventromedial nucleus?

Tuberal region Signup and view all the answers

What does the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus control?

Activities superior to the optic chiasm Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain provides protection from fluctuating electrolytes, tissue metabolites, toxic substances, and pathogens?

Blood-Brain-Barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the main blood supply to the brain?

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the abrupt onset of persistent neurological symptoms that arise as a result of nervous tissue damage called?

Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) Signup and view all the answers

What is an episode of transient neurological deficits that arise as a result of impaired blood flow to nervous tissue called?

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure returns blood from the brain back to the heart via the internal jugular veins?

Dural Venous Sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What protects the brain from fluctuating electrolytes, tissue metabolites, toxic substances, and pathogens?

Blood-Brain-Barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)?

High blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

(Broken line) Dural Venous Sinuses Superior sagittal sinus BIOL202 Signup and view all the answers