BIOL1020 Diversity of Life 1 Exam Review

<p>It occurs due to reproductive isolation through geographic separation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accounts for the abrupt appearance of new species in the fossil record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Successful mating with the production of sterile hybrids (B), Inability to mate due to physical incompatibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can interbreed and produce viable offspring (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Results in a reduction in genetic diversity (B), Occurs when a few individuals from a population colonize a new area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>None of the above. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary consumer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharks feeding on sea turtles in the sea. (A), Bears feeding on salmon in rivers (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kcal y¹ m-2 (B), gCm-2y-¹ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thickness of the bark protects trees from fire (C), All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lion feeding on an antelope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Order Chordata (A), Class Mammalia (C), Class Carnivora (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A monophyletic group (B), A clade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reptiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B and C. (A), Fungi (C), Protists (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacillus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudopodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barophile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.02-0.2 µm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saccharomyces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hygroscopic movement of elaters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characteristic of ferns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moss capsules have stomata whereas liverworts do not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Always have megasporophylls grouped into cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryosac (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cycads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporophytes undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of natural selection where one extreme of a trait becomes more common and favored.

Natural selection where individuals at both extremes of a trait are favored over individuals with intermediate traits.

A type of natural selection that favors the average individuals, against the extremes of a trait.

Natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex.

Evolutionary theory incorporating genetic variations, common descent, and the effects of natural selection.

Speciation that occurs when populations are geographically isolated.

Evolutionary model showing that species change rapidly followed by long periods of little change.

Reproductive isolation after the formation of a hybrid zygote, which results in a sterile or inviable hybrid.

Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Sudden reduction in population size resulting in a loss of genetic variation.

The role and position of an organism in its environment.

An organism that consumes producers (plants) for energy.

An organism that consumes primary consumers for energy.

Movement of nutrients between different parts of an ecosystem or among species.

Rate at which energy is stored by producers in an ecosystem.

A close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, making up a population.

The science of classifying organisms.

A group of organisms originating from a common ancestor.

Group including a common ancestor and all its descendants.

Having cells with a membrane-bound nucleus.

Lacking a membrane-bound nucleus.

A tiny, infectious agent that needs a host to replicate.

Infectious protein that causes disease by triggering misfolding of other proteins.

Archaea that thrive in high-salt environments.

A pseudopodium is a temporary projection of cytoplasm used for movement and engulfing food in certain eukaryotic cells.

A system for classifying viruses based on their nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) type, strandedness (single or double), and how the mRNA is made.

Viruses are typically very small, ranging from about 20 to 400 nanometers in diameter.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, is caused by a prion, an infectious protein that triggers the misfolding of other proteins in the brain.

Halophilic archaea are a group of archaea that thrive in high-salt environments, such as salt lakes or salt flats.

The capsid is a protein shell that surrounds the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of a virus.

The 18S rRNA gene is used as a phylogenetic marker for eukaryotic microbes, and is involved in protein synthesis.

The Derbesia life cycle involves an alternation of generations with a sporophyte stage (X) producing spores (W) that develop into gametophytes (V); gametes (W) from the gametophytes fuse to form a zygote (Z), which grows into a sporophyte.

A coenobium is a type of colonial algae where individual cells are embedded in a gelatinous matrix, forming a definite shape.

The earliest land plants, specifically their sporophytes, appeared in the fossil record during the Silurian period, around 443 to 419 million years ago.

Splachnum, a type of moss, relies on insects for spore dispersal. Its sporophyte has a fleshy stalk that attracts insects, which carry the spores to new locations.

Moss capsules are simple and have fewer cell types, while liverwort capsules are more complex and have many cell types.

Leptoids are elongated cells found in some mosses that are involved in the transport of food.

A sorus is a cluster of sporangia (spore-producing structures) found on the underside of fern fronds.

Ferns are a group of vascular plants that reproduce using spores. They have a long-lived sporophyte stage, a short-lived gametophyte stage, and their leaves are called fronds.

The fossil shown is likely a Lycopodium, a type of club moss, as they share similar characteristics.

Club mosses (Lycopodium) and horsetails (Equisetum) are primitive vascular plants that have small leaves and often grow in moist environments.

Conifers typically have woody trunks, large leaves, are dioecious (separate male and female plants), and are found mainly in temperate regions. Cycads have pithy trunks, small leaves, are dioecious, and are primarily found in tropical regions.

Cycads are a group of gymnosperms that have a distinctive palm-like appearance and are often found in tropical regions.

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms produce seeds, marking a major evolutionary advancement.

In flowering plants, the female gametophyte is equivalent to the embryosac, which contains the egg cell and other structures necessary for fertilization.

Oogamy describes the fusion of a large, non-motile egg with a small, motile sperm during fertilization.

Alternation of generations in land plants usually involves a diploid sporophyte stage producing haploid spores through meiosis. These spores develop into haploid gametophytes.

Flowering plants (angiosperms) have the highest number of species among plant groups, with over 300,000 species.

The most basic unit in the classification of organisms is the genus.

Organisms with cells containing a membrane-bound nucleus.

The rod shape of a bacterium.

The region in a bacterial cell where DNA is located, unlike the nucleus of eukaryotes.

The Derbesia life cycle features an alternation of generations with a sporophyte (X) producing spores (W) that develop into gametophytes (V). Gametes (Y) from the gametophytes fuse to form a zygote (Z), which grows into a sporophyte.

A coenobium is a type of colonial algae where individual cells are embedded in a gelatinous matrix, forming a definite shape.

The earliest land plants, specifically their sporophytes, appeared in the fossil record during the Silurian period, around 443 to 419 million years ago.

In the liverwort Riccia, spore dispersal occurs through the hygroscopic movement of elaters, specialized cells within the capsule.

Moss capsules are simple and have fewer cell types, while liverwort capsules are more complex and have many cell types.

Leptoids are elongated cells found in some mosses that are involved in the transport of food.

In ferns, the sporophyte is long-lived compared to the gametophyte, and the young sporophyte develops independently of the gametophyte.