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BIOL 2050 Exam #2: The Cell Theory and Cell Structures

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BIOL 2050 Exam #2: The Cell Theory and Cell Structures

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for the limited cell size in organisms?

To decrease metabolic activity
To increase volume for organelle storage
To increase surface area for nutrient exchange (correct)
To decrease surface area for waste removal

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Presence of cell walls only in eukaryotic cells
Lack of membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotic cells (correct)
Absence of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells
Presence of a nucleus in prokaryotic cells

Which cellular feature is unique to prokaryotic cells?

Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Flagella (correct)
Mitochondria

What is the function of membrane carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

Regulate the movement of molecules across the membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion?

Relies on specific carrier proteins to facilitate movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular connection type allows for direct cell-to-cell communication?

Gap junctions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Na+/K+ pump in biological membranes?

Transporting Na+ ions into the cell and K+ ions out of the cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution would cause a red blood cell to shrink due to water loss through osmosis?

Hypertonic solution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Primary active transport requires ATP, while secondary active transport doesn't (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Provide an alternative pathway for a reaction to occur at a lower energy cost (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is entropy in the context of thermodynamics?

A measure of disorder or randomness in a system (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do allosteric enzymes differ from non-allosteric enzymes?

Allosteric enzymes change conformation upon binding an allosteric regulator, affecting their activity, while non-allosteric enzymes maintain a fixed conformation (B) Signup and view all the answers