BIOL 203: Intro to Microbiology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following contributions is NOT directly associated with the early development of microbiology as described?

Synthesizing antibiotics to combat bacterial infections. (correct)
Establishing steam sterilization methods for growth media.
Pioneering the use of Petri dishes for culturing microorganisms.
Developing techniques to estimate the number of bacteria in solution through colony formation.

Koch's postulates require that the suspected causative agent be present in healthy hosts but absent from diseased ones.

False (B)

What is the primary purpose of the Gram stain technique developed by Hans Christian Gram?

To differentiate bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups.

Ignaz Semmelweis significantly reduced healthcare-associated infections by promoting what simple practice? __________

handwashing Signup and view all the answers

Joseph Lister is best known for his contributions to:

The advancement of antiseptic surgery using carbolic acid. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match each scientist with their contribution to microbiology:

Robert Koch = Developed postulates to prove the cause of infectious diseases Hans Christian Gram = Developed a staining technique to differentiate bacteria Ignaz Semmelweis = Promoted handwashing to reduce healthcare-associated infections Joseph Lister = Advanced antiseptic surgery using carbolic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which step of Koch's postulates involves isolating the disease-causing agent?

Growing the agent outside of the host. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Koch's postulates can be universally applied to prove the cause of every infectious disease.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Antoni van Leeuwenhoek's primary contribution to microbiology?

Creating high-quality microscopes that revealed the microbial world (D) Signup and view all the answers

Protozoa, algae, and nonmicrobial parasitic worms are studied in microbiology primarily due to their genetic similarity to bacteria.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms at the cellular level?

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, which are present in eukaryotic cells. Signup and view all the answers

The belief that life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter was known as the theory of ______ generation.

spontaneous Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientist with their contribution to the spontaneous generation debate:

Redi = Challenged spontaneous generation with experiments involving meat and flies. Needham = Supported spontaneous generation with experiments involving heated broth. Spallanzani = Challenged spontaneous generation with experiments involving sealed flasks of broth. Pasteur = Disproved spontaneous generation with swan-necked flask experiments. Signup and view all the answers

What was the key outcome of Pasteur's fermentation experiments that greatly impacted the world?

The understanding that microorganisms cause fermentation, leading to food preservation techniques (D) Signup and view all the answers

Koch's postulates are a set of criteria used to establish a causative link between a specific microorganism and all diseases.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Gram stain in microbiology?

The Gram stain is a differential staining technique used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure, aiding in identification and treatment decisions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Eduard Buchner's contribution to science?

He demonstrated that fermentation is performed by enzymes, not requiring living cells. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The germ theory of disease explains all types of diseases, including genetic disorders and chronic conditions.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the causes of disease, a field in which Robert Koch significantly contributed?

etiology Signup and view all the answers

Robert Koch identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as the causative agent of tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Before Pasteur's work, what were some common explanations for the cause of diseases?

Evil spirits, astrological signs, imbalances in bodily fluids, and foul vapors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct contribution of Robert Koch to the advancement of microbiology?

Development of staining techniques for bacterial cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Industrial microbiology is a field that studies the use of microorganisms to produce desired products on a large scale.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientist with their contribution:

Eduard Buchner = Demonstrated fermentation by enzymes Robert Koch = Identified the cause of anthrax Louis Pasteur = Developed the germ theory of disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fields directly applies biochemical knowledge to improve agriculture?

Design of herbicides and pesticides (B) Signup and view all the answers

Molecular biology focuses primarily on understanding cellular functions at a macroscopic level.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of gene therapy?

inserting, removing, or modifying genes Signup and view all the answers

The use of living organisms to detoxify polluted environments is known as ______.

bioremediation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following disciplines with their focuses:

Biochemistry = Study of metabolism Genetics = Study of inheritance Environmental microbiology = Study of microorganisms in various habitats Immunology = Study of the body's defense against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which process relies on the ability of microorganisms to convert substances into different chemical forms?

Chemical cycling (C) Signup and view all the answers

Serology is the study of the body's defense against specific pathogens.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a researcher is manipulating genes for applications such as creating insulin from bacteria, which field are they working in?

Recombinant DNA technology (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes Archaea from Bacteria?

Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes, and some can tolerate extreme environments. (A) Signup and view all the answers

All bacteria are pathogenic to humans.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between molds and yeasts within the Fungi domain?

Molds are multicellular filaments, while yeasts are unicellular and round. Signup and view all the answers

The cell walls of fungi are composed of either chitin or ________.

glucomannan Signup and view all the answers

Match the following microorganisms with their domain:

Bacteria = Bacteria Archaea = Archaea Fungi = Eukarya Algae = Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following eukaryotic microorganisms is characterized by its ability to perform photosynthesis?

Algae (B) Signup and view all the answers

Protozoa possess cell walls, similar to plants and bacteria.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of reproduction for Bacteria and Archaea?

asexual Signup and view all the answers

The cell walls of most Bacteria contain a unique substance called ________.

peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms is typically multicellular and reproduces sexually, but lays microscopic eggs?

Parasitic Worms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was Florence Nightingale's primary contribution to the field of medicine?

Introducing cleanliness and antiseptic techniques into nursing practice. (A) Signup and view all the answers

John Snow's work mapping cholera cases in London supported the idea that unsanitary conditions were a major factor in disease spread.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did Edward Jenner's experiment contribute to the development of immunology?

He infected a boy with cowpox, providing immunity to smallpox, which led to vaccination. Signup and view all the answers

Paul Ehrlich sought a chemical "magic bullet" to selectively destroy ______.

pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of epidemiology, as established by John Snow's work?

Examining the occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their main contribution to microbiology:

Florence Nightingale = Introduced cleanliness and antiseptic techniques in nursing John Snow = Mapped cholera cases and linked it to water supply Edward Jenner = Developed vaccination against smallpox Paul Ehrlich = Pioneered chemotherapy with the “magic bullet” concept Signup and view all the answers

Which question reflects a major focus of modern microbiological research regarding disease?

How can we defend against disease? (B) Signup and view all the answers

The study of the body’s defenses against pathogens is called chemotherapy.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Koch's Postulates

Steps to prove the cause of an infectious disease.

Gram Stain

A technique to classify bacteria as Gram positive or negative.