Bacterial Cell Biology 2

What is the primary source of ethanolamine in the gut?

Which of the following bacteria utilizes EUT for growth?

What is the term for the time required for a population of microbial cells to double?

What is the process of cell division in which new cell material is produced from a single point?

In which phase of microbial growth does cell growth slow down due to nutrient depletion or waste buildup?

What is the term for the process of microbial cells remaining alive for months despite being in a dormant state?

What is the primary function of the slime layer and capsule on the bacterial cell surface?

What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacterial cells?

What is the primary function of pili in gram-negative bacteria?

What is the primary function of the lipopolysaccharide layer in gram-negative bacteria?

What is the primary function of gram-negative secretion systems?

What is the primary function of commensal bacteria in the context of inflammatory endocytosis?

What is the primary function of dipicolinic acid in endospores?

What triggers the formation of endospores in Bacillus?

What is the role of small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) in endospores?

What is the minimum temperature that some endospores can withstand?

What is the result of outgrowth in the life cycle of an endospore-forming bacteria?

What is the primary mode of dispersal of endospores?

What is the primary mechanism by which cyanobacteria move?

How do bacterial cells respond to chemical gradients?

What is the purpose of tumbles in bacterial movement?

How do phototrophic bacteria optimize photosynthesis?

How do bacterial cells sense chemical gradients?

What is the role of the signalling and gene regulatory network in chemotaxis?

What is the primary component of the flagellum motor that anchors it to the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall?

What is the direction of growth for the flagella filament in Escherichia and Salmonella?

What is the mechanism by which proton translocation through Mot proteins exerts force on the rotor proteins?

What is the term for the type of flagellation in which flagella are located in many places around the surface of the cell?

How many genes are involved in flagella biosynthesis in Escherichia and Salmonella?

What is the function of the Mot proteins in the flagellum motor?

What is the primary reason why endospores are highly heat-resistant?

What is the event that triggers the activation of spores in Bacillus?

What is the primary role of small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) in endospores?

What is the final stage of the life cycle of an endospore-forming bacteria?

What is the primary mode of dispersal of endospores?

What is the minimum temperature that some endospores can withstand?

What is the event that occurs after the spore is activated and exposed to certain nutrients?

What is the term for the survival structure produced by certain gram-positive bacteria?

What is the term for the type of flagellation in which flagella are located at one pole of the cell?

What is the primary component of the flagellum motor that anchors it to the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall?

In which bacteria is the flagella filament known to grow from the tip?

What is the primary function of the Mot proteins in the flagellum motor?

What is the term for the helically arranged charges on the rotor proteins?

What is the primary function of the L ring and P ring in the flagellum motor?

What is the primary function of the flagellum?

What is the number of genes involved in flagella biosynthesis in Escherichia and Salmonella?

Which type of taxis involves movement towards or away from ionic strength?

What is the primary function of the sensor kinase protein in a two-component system?

What is the purpose of quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae?

What is the role of the response regulator protein in a two-component system?

What is the purpose of the two-component system in bacterial cells?

What is the primary mechanism by which bacteria respond to changes in chemical gradients?

What is the function of autoinducers AI-2 and CAI-1 in quorum sensing?

What is the role of the signalling and gene regulatory network in chemotaxis?

What is the primary function of chemotaxis in bacterial cells?

What is the role of the sensor kinase protein in a two-component system?

What is the purpose of the 'tumbles' in bacterial movement?

How do phototrophic bacteria optimize photosynthesis?

What is the mechanism by which bacterial cells move towards a chemical attractant?

What is the term for the directed movement of an organism in response to a chemical gradient?

How do bacterial cells respond to the presence of a chemical attractant?

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide slime secreted by cyanobacteria?

What is the term used to describe the growth of microbial cells attached to a surface?

Which of the following regions of the GI tract has the highest concentration of microbial cells per gram of tissue?

What is the primary function of butyrate produced by microorganisms in the colon?

What term describes an imbalance in the composition of the microbiota, leading to disease?

What is the primary role of the gut microbiome in human health?

What is the term used to describe the complex carbohydrates that are digested by the gut microbiome?

What is the approximate pH of the stomach?

What is the term used to describe the attached polysaccharide matrix with embedded bacterial cells?