Bacterial Cell Biology 2

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary source of ethanolamine in the gut?

Microbial cell membranes

Epithelial cells

Inflamed gut tissue

Plant and animal cell membranes (correct)

Which of the following bacteria utilizes EUT for growth?

Clostridium difficile

Salmonella enterica

Fusobacterium nucleatum

All of the above (correct)

What is the term for the time required for a population of microbial cells to double?

Lag phase

Stationary phase

Generation time (correct)

Exponential growth

What is the process of cell division in which new cell material is produced from a single point?

Budding Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of microbial growth does cell growth slow down due to nutrient depletion or waste buildup?

Stationary phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of microbial cells remaining alive for months despite being in a dormant state?

Death phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the slime layer and capsule on the bacterial cell surface?

To aid in attachment to solid surfaces and prevent dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacterial cells?

To enable cells to stick to surfaces including animal tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pili in gram-negative bacteria?

To enable genetic exchange through horizontal gene transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lipopolysaccharide layer in gram-negative bacteria?

To simulate CD14 and trigger immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gram-negative secretion systems?

To enable the secretion of molecules from the cell interior to its exterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of commensal bacteria in the context of inflammatory endocytosis?

To prevent inflammatory endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dipicolinic acid in endospores?

It dehydrates the spores and protects DNA from denaturing Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the formation of endospores in Bacillus?

Lack of nutrients such as carbon or nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) in endospores?

They bind to DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum temperature that some endospores can withstand?

150 degrees C Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of outgrowth in the life cycle of an endospore-forming bacteria?

Emergence of a vegetative cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of dispersal of endospores?

Through wind, water, and animal gut (faeces) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which cyanobacteria move?

Polysaccharide slime secretion Signup and view all the answers

How do bacterial cells respond to chemical gradients?

By changing their movement patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tumbles in bacterial movement?

To change direction randomly Signup and view all the answers

How do phototrophic bacteria optimize photosynthesis?

By positioning themselves in optimal light conditions Signup and view all the answers

How do bacterial cells sense chemical gradients?

By sampling the concentration and comparing to previous values Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the signalling and gene regulatory network in chemotaxis?

To implement the 'memory' of previous concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the flagellum motor that anchors it to the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall?

Central rod Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of growth for the flagella filament in Escherichia and Salmonella?

From the tip to the base Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which proton translocation through Mot proteins exerts force on the rotor proteins?

Electrostatic forces on helically arranged charges Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of flagellation in which flagella are located in many places around the surface of the cell?

Peritrichous flagellation Signup and view all the answers

How many genes are involved in flagella biosynthesis in Escherichia and Salmonella?

Upwards of 50 genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Mot proteins in the flagellum motor?

They surround the inner rings and form the stator Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why endospores are highly heat-resistant?

Because of the unique substance dipicolinic acid that confers heat resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the event that triggers the activation of spores in Bacillus?

When spores are heated for several minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) in endospores?

To bind to DNA and protect it from denaturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of the life cycle of an endospore-forming bacteria?

Vegetative cell growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of dispersal of endospores?

Easily dispersed by wind, water, or animal gut (faeces) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum temperature that some endospores can withstand?

150°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the event that occurs after the spore is activated and exposed to certain nutrients?

Germination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the survival structure produced by certain gram-positive bacteria?

Endospore Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of flagellation in which flagella are located at one pole of the cell?

Polar flagellation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the flagellum motor that anchors it to the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall?

Basal body Signup and view all the answers

In which bacteria is the flagella filament known to grow from the tip?

E. coli and Salmonella Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Mot proteins in the flagellum motor?

To surround the inner rings Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the helically arranged charges on the rotor proteins?

Helical charges Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the L ring and P ring in the flagellum motor?

To anchor the motor to the outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the flagellum?

Swimming motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of genes involved in flagella biosynthesis in Escherichia and Salmonella?

Upwards of 50 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of taxis involves movement towards or away from ionic strength?

Osmotaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sensor kinase protein in a two-component system?

To phosphorylate itself in response to an external signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae?

To monitor the population level and secrete virulence factors at low population density Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the response regulator protein in a two-component system?

To bind to DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the two-component system in bacterial cells?

To regulate gene expression based on environmental fluctuations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which bacteria respond to changes in chemical gradients?

Sensing temporal differences in concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of autoinducers AI-2 and CAI-1 in quorum sensing?

To increase the secretion of virulence factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the signalling and gene regulatory network in chemotaxis?

To implement the 'memory' of the bacterial cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemotaxis in bacterial cells?

To respond to chemical gradients Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sensor kinase protein in a two-component system?

To receive signals from the environment and phosphorylate itself Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'tumbles' in bacterial movement?

To change direction randomly Signup and view all the answers

How do phototrophic bacteria optimize photosynthesis?

By positioning themselves in optimal light conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which bacterial cells move towards a chemical attractant?

By increasing the length of runs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the directed movement of an organism in response to a chemical gradient?

Chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

How do bacterial cells respond to the presence of a chemical attractant?

By increasing the length of runs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide slime secreted by cyanobacteria?

To facilitate gliding motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the growth of microbial cells attached to a surface?

Biofilm formation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions of the GI tract has the highest concentration of microbial cells per gram of tissue?

Colon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of butyrate produced by microorganisms in the colon?

Energy source for colonic epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an imbalance in the composition of the microbiota, leading to disease?

Dysbiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the gut microbiome in human health?

Essential to human health Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the complex carbohydrates that are digested by the gut microbiome?

Fibre Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate pH of the stomach?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the attached polysaccharide matrix with embedded bacterial cells?

Biofilm Signup and view all the answers

Bacterial Cell Biology 2

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of ethanolamine in the gut?

Which of the following bacteria utilizes EUT for growth?

What is the term for the time required for a population of microbial cells to double?

What is the process of cell division in which new cell material is produced from a single point?

In which phase of microbial growth does cell growth slow down due to nutrient depletion or waste buildup?

What is the term for the process of microbial cells remaining alive for months despite being in a dormant state?

What is the primary function of the slime layer and capsule on the bacterial cell surface?

What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacterial cells?

What is the primary function of pili in gram-negative bacteria?

What is the primary function of the lipopolysaccharide layer in gram-negative bacteria?

What is the primary function of gram-negative secretion systems?

What is the primary function of commensal bacteria in the context of inflammatory endocytosis?

What is the primary function of dipicolinic acid in endospores?

What triggers the formation of endospores in Bacillus?

What is the role of small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) in endospores?

What is the minimum temperature that some endospores can withstand?

What is the result of outgrowth in the life cycle of an endospore-forming bacteria?

What is the primary mode of dispersal of endospores?

What is the primary mechanism by which cyanobacteria move?

How do bacterial cells respond to chemical gradients?

What is the purpose of tumbles in bacterial movement?

How do phototrophic bacteria optimize photosynthesis?

How do bacterial cells sense chemical gradients?

What is the role of the signalling and gene regulatory network in chemotaxis?

What is the primary component of the flagellum motor that anchors it to the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall?

What is the direction of growth for the flagella filament in Escherichia and Salmonella?

What is the mechanism by which proton translocation through Mot proteins exerts force on the rotor proteins?

What is the term for the type of flagellation in which flagella are located in many places around the surface of the cell?

How many genes are involved in flagella biosynthesis in Escherichia and Salmonella?

What is the function of the Mot proteins in the flagellum motor?

What is the primary reason why endospores are highly heat-resistant?

What is the event that triggers the activation of spores in Bacillus?

What is the primary role of small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) in endospores?

What is the final stage of the life cycle of an endospore-forming bacteria?

What is the primary mode of dispersal of endospores?

What is the minimum temperature that some endospores can withstand?

What is the event that occurs after the spore is activated and exposed to certain nutrients?

What is the term for the survival structure produced by certain gram-positive bacteria?

What is the term for the type of flagellation in which flagella are located at one pole of the cell?

What is the primary component of the flagellum motor that anchors it to the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall?

In which bacteria is the flagella filament known to grow from the tip?

What is the primary function of the Mot proteins in the flagellum motor?

What is the term for the helically arranged charges on the rotor proteins?

What is the primary function of the L ring and P ring in the flagellum motor?

What is the primary function of the flagellum?

What is the number of genes involved in flagella biosynthesis in Escherichia and Salmonella?

Which type of taxis involves movement towards or away from ionic strength?

What is the primary function of the sensor kinase protein in a two-component system?

What is the purpose of quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae?

What is the role of the response regulator protein in a two-component system?

What is the purpose of the two-component system in bacterial cells?

What is the primary mechanism by which bacteria respond to changes in chemical gradients?

What is the function of autoinducers AI-2 and CAI-1 in quorum sensing?

What is the role of the signalling and gene regulatory network in chemotaxis?

What is the primary function of chemotaxis in bacterial cells?

What is the role of the sensor kinase protein in a two-component system?

What is the purpose of the 'tumbles' in bacterial movement?

How do phototrophic bacteria optimize photosynthesis?

What is the mechanism by which bacterial cells move towards a chemical attractant?

What is the term for the directed movement of an organism in response to a chemical gradient?

How do bacterial cells respond to the presence of a chemical attractant?

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide slime secreted by cyanobacteria?

What is the term used to describe the growth of microbial cells attached to a surface?

Which of the following regions of the GI tract has the highest concentration of microbial cells per gram of tissue?

What is the primary function of butyrate produced by microorganisms in the colon?

What term describes an imbalance in the composition of the microbiota, leading to disease?

What is the primary role of the gut microbiome in human health?

What is the term used to describe the complex carbohydrates that are digested by the gut microbiome?

What is the approximate pH of the stomach?

What is the term used to describe the attached polysaccharide matrix with embedded bacterial cells?

More Like This

Bacterial Cell Shape and Classification

Bacterial Cell Structure

Bacterial Cell Structure

Bacterial Cell Structure Quiz