Questions and Answers
Match the terms to their definitions:
A) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. = a) diploid cell B) deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. = b) DNA C) is a variant form of a given gene. = c) allele D) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. = d) haploid cell E) the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. = e) genome F) a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome. = f) gene
What is the option circled in this electron micrograph?
one double-stranded DNA molecule
What is the option circled in this electron micrograph?
two double-stranded DNA molecules
What properties are associated with malignant cancer? (Select all that apply)
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What do cell cycle checkpoints provide?
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In which cell cycle checkpoint does the cell assess whether DNA has been replicated correctly?
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What is being measured in a scratch test?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of mitotic cell division in animals?
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Study Notes
Genetics Terminology
- Diploid cell: Contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
- DNA: Self-replicating material that carries genetic information, present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes.
- Allele: A variant form of a given gene.
- Haploid cell: Contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Gene: A distinct sequence of nucleotides that determine the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule.
Electron Micrographs
- A single circled object in an electron micrograph represents one double-stranded DNA molecule.
- Two circled blobs in an electron micrograph indicate two double-stranded DNA molecules.
Malignant Cancer Characteristics
- Metastatic behavior: Malignant cancer cells are capable of spreading to other parts of the body.
- Fast growth: Malignant tumors tend to grow rapidly.
- Tissue invasion: They invade surrounding tissues, contributing to their harmful nature.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Checkpoints serve to ensure that necessary steps for cell division have been completed.
- The protein p53 can block checkpoints if conditions are not suitable for division.
- Checkpoints function as brakes on cell division to maintain proper cellular function.
G2 Checkpoint
- During the G2 checkpoint, the cell assesses whether DNA has been replicated correctly before proceeding with division.
Scratch Test Measurement
- In a scratch test, the speed at which cells migrate into an empty space is measured, indicating cell movement and proliferation.
Functions of Mitotic Cell Division
- Mitotic cell division in animals is not involved in the production of gametes, which is the function of meiosis instead.
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Description
Prepare for your next biology class with these flashcards covering essential genetic terminology. Match terms with their definitions to reinforce your understanding of genetics in living organisms. Perfect for pre-class review or quick study sessions.
