Bio.II AP Chapter 14 - The Origin of Species

Microevolution deals with changes in the gene pool of a single population. Macroevolution considers the broad pattern of evolutionary change over long periods of time and includes the origin of new groups.

The branch of biology that names and classifies species and groups them into broader categories.

<p>Defines a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevents genetic exchange (gene flow) and maintains the gap between species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classification based mainly on observable and measurable physical traits such as shape and size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifies species in terms of their ecological niches, focusing on unique adaptations to particular roles in a biological community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defines a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor and forms one branch on the tree of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The morphological species concept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A biological feature of an organism that prevents interbreeding with individuals of closely related species within its range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent mating or fertilization between species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>prezygotic, times</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prezygotic barrier where two species live in the same general area, but not in the same kinds of places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prezygotic barrier where there is little to no sexual attraction between females and males of different species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prezygotic barrier that occurs when female and male sex organs are not compatible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prezygotic barrier where copulation occurs, but the gametes do not unite to form a zygote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operates after hybrid zygotes are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A postzygotic barrier where most hybrid offspring do not survive or fail to reach sexual maturity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A postzygotic barrier where hybrids reach maturity but fail to produce functional gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A postzygotic barrier where the first generation of hybrids are viable and fertile, but their offspring are feeble or sterile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>habitat, prezygotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mode of speciation caused by a geographic block to gene flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>allopatric, reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A new species arises within the same geographic area as the parent species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than two complete sets of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced hybrid fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If a hybrid has a single copy of the sets of chromosomes from two species, its chromosomes cannot form homologous pairs during meiosis. Chromosomes must duplicate to ensure a diploid number for normal gamete formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They respond to the sounds of males from the same island but ignore the songs of males from other islands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regions in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some hybrid offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The resident finch populations were small and isolated, allowing individual birds and their offspring to be followed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonization of a new, varied habitat; lack of competition and open niches following a mass extinction; evolution of a new morphological feature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A term to describe long periods of little change, punctuated by abrupt episodes of speciation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If speciation takes place in a relatively short time compared with the overall time the species exists, the transition of one species to another may be difficult to find in the fossil record.</p> Signup and view all the answers