Class Powerpoint Slides-Microevolution Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is microevolution?

  • The formation of new species
  • The development of reproductive barriers
  • Change in the frequencies of genotypes in a population (correct)
  • The process of adaptive radiation

    • According to Ernst Mayr, what is a species?

  • A group of organisms that occupy the same ecological niche
  • A group of organisms that share a common ancestor
  • A group of interbreeding individuals with similar physical characteristics
  • A group of potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups (correct)

    • Which of these are prezygotic barriers that prevent mating?

  • Behavioral isolation
  • Mechanical isolation
  • Gametic isolation
  • all of the above (correct)

    • What type of barrier is reduced hybrid fertility?

    <p>Postzygotic barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can species interbreed if a barrier to gene flow is established?

    <p>It's possible, but not certain, they could still interbreed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of new species formation through geographic isolation called?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of barrier is mechanical isolation?

    <p>a physical incompatibility between reproductive organs of two organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for barriers that prevent mating from occurring?

    <p>Prezygotic barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of rapid evolution of many species from a single ancestor?

    <p>Adaptive radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Red Queen Hypothesis related to?

    <p>Coevolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most prevalent form of speciation?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of speciation is common in plants and occasional in animals?

    <p>Sympatric speciation by polyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of speciation involves the evolution of many new, diverse species from a common ancestor under new environmental conditions?

    <p>Adaptive Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polyploidy involves chromosome duplication in a single species?

    <p>Autopolyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Dobzhansky–Muller model primarily concerned with?

    <p>Reproductive Isolation and Genetic Divergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sympatric speciation by behavioral change in animals, what leads to genetic isolation?

    <p>Parents separating into new subpopulations in the same region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of rapid evolution of many species from a single ancestor under new environmental conditions?

    <p>Adaptive Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of speciation involves species arising from a connected population?

    <p>Sympatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mutual evolutionary influence between two species occurring in the same environment?

    <p>Coevolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most prevalent form of speciation?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sympatric speciation, what is the common result of polyploidy in plants?

    <p>Autopolyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Dobzhansky-Muller model about?

    <p>Incompatibility of alleles in subdivided populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of sympatric speciation by behavioral change in animals?

    <p>No gene flow with the original population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of reproductive isolation in sympatric speciation by polyploidy in plants?

    <p>Mistake during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of allopatric speciation?

    <p>Gene flow is cut off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of autopolyploidy in sympatric speciation?

    <p>Chromosome duplication in a single species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of allopatric speciation in Hawaiian Drosophila?

    <p>Reproductive isolation and genetic divergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of sympatric speciation by polyploidy in animals?

    <p>Combining chromosomes of two different species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common result of sympatric speciation by behavioral change in animals?

    <p>No gene flow with the original population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Allopatric speciation can occur when a part of a population is isolated due to a geographic barrier and establishes a new population.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: In allopatric speciation, gene flow continues between the separated populations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Sympatric speciation by polyploidy is more common in animals than in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Dobzhansky-Muller model involves the fixation of incompatible alleles at different loci in independently evolving lineages.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Adaptive radiation refers to the evolution of a few specialized species from a common ancestor under stable environmental conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allopatric speciation occurs when a physical barrier separates a population, leading to genetic isolation and divergence of gene pools.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympatric speciation can occur without geographic barriers, often through polyploidy in plants or behavioral changes in animals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adaptive radiation refers to the evolution of many new, diverse species from a common ancestor under new environmental conditions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Red Queen Hypothesis is related to the coevolutionary arms race, for example between hosts and parasites.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'microevolution' refers to the change in frequencies of genotypes in a population.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allopatric speciation involves the evolution of many new, diverse species from a common ancestor under new environmental conditions

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympatric speciation can only occur in animals, not in plants

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prezygotic barriers prevent mating from occurring, while postzygotic barriers operate after mating occurs

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reduced hybrid fertility is a type of prezygotic barrier

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allopatric speciation involves the evolution of many new, diverse species from a common ancestor under new environmental conditions

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reduced hybrid fertility is a type of prezygotic barrier

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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