SN Video- Macroevolution Part 1 video
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Questions and Answers

According to the biological species concept, a species is defined as a group of naturally occurring populations that...

  • only actually interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other such groups
  • either actually or potentially interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other such groups (correct)
  • neither actually nor potentially interbreed but are reproductively isolated from other such groups
  • only potentially interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other such groups

    • The focus of the biological species concept is on...

  • geographical distribution
  • population size
  • genetic diversity
  • reproductive isolation (correct)

    • One of the problems with the biological species concept is that it doesn't apply to...

  • large populations
  • geographically isolated populations
  • asexual organisms (correct)
  • populations with high genetic diversity

    • The biological species concept is not applicable to asexual organisms because...

    <p>asexual organisms don't interbreed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the biological species concept, if two populations are not reproductively isolated from each other, then...

    <p>they can potentially interbreed and are members of the same species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the problems with the biological species concept in relation to fossils is that...

    <p>it's difficult to determine whether the fossils could potentially interbreed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Red Queen hypothesis?

    <p>Organisms evolve to keep up with other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is exaptation?

    <p>When a trait evolves for one purpose but is used for another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heterochrony?

    <p>A change in the developmental timing or sequence of developmental events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes neoteny?

    <p>Adults retaining juvenile traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of exaptation?

    <p>Feathers evolving for thermal regulation and later used for flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the Red Queen hypothesis?

    <p>Organisms evolve to keep up with other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is punctuated speciation?

    <p>Rapid bursts of speciation followed by long periods of stasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would not lead to punctuated speciation?

    <p>Increased rates of neutral mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best definition of heterochrony?

    <p>A change in the developmental timing or sequence of developmental events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of evolution?

    <p>Descent with modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism can lead to the reinforcement of prezygotic isolating mechanisms?

    <p>Hybrid infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 2 theories of the debated tempo of speciation?

    <p>Punctuated equilibrium and gradualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows mass extinction events, leading to rapid evolution of diverse phenotypes under new environmental conditions?

    <p>Adaptive radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which extinction is occurring compared to average historical rates?

    <p>1000 times greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of microevolution?

    <p>Changes in allele frequencies over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event can drive rapid speciation?

    <p>Polyploidy events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species concept relies on DNA data to determine species membership?

    <p>Lineage species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor in all species concepts and plays a major role in speciation?

    <p>Reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of speciation occurs without physical or geographical separation?

    <p>Sympatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isolating mechanisms act after zygote formation?

    <p>Reduced hybrid viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does natural selection favor to ensure viable offspring capable of passing on genes?

    <p>Prezygotic barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the morphological species concept focus on for bird identification?

    <p>Physical forms of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species concept relies on DNA data to determine species membership?

    <p>Lineage species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor in all species concepts and plays a major role in speciation?

    <p>Reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of speciation occurs due to physical or geographical separation?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents zygote formation as a prezygotic isolating mechanism?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isolating mechanism acts after zygote formation?

    <p>Reduced hybrid viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does natural selection favor to ensure viable offspring capable of passing on genes?

    <p>Prezygotic barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is not applicable to organisms producing hybrids in captivity or existing only in the fossil record?

    <p>Biological species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organisms have to evolve to get better adapted to their environments according to the Red Queen hypothesis

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exaptation occurs when a structure evolved for one purpose is never used for another

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heterochrony can give rise to speciation

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neoteny is when adults have retained juvenile traits

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased rates of neutral mutations would lead to rapid speciation

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The swim bladders of fish evolving from the lungs of lungfish is an example of exaptation

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Permian mass extinction event is considered the largest extinction event in the history of the world

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Higher rates of extinction are expected in organisms with longer generation times

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Species Concepts and Speciation

    • The biological species concept is not quantifiable, leading to the exploration of alternative species concepts.
    • The morphological species concept defines species based on physical appearance and is considered the simplest definition of a species.
    • The lineage species concept relies on DNA data to determine species membership, with 99.9% DNA similarity often indicating the same species.
    • Reproductive isolation is a crucial factor in all species concepts and plays a major role in speciation, allowing separate evolution.
    • Two major types of speciation are allopatric, occurring due to physical or geographical separation, and sympatric, occurring without such barriers.
    • Prezygotic isolating mechanisms prevent zygote formation, including habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, and gametic isolation.
    • Postzygotic isolating mechanisms act after zygote formation, such as reduced hybrid viability and fertility.
    • Natural selection favors prezygotic barriers over postzygotic barriers to ensure viable offspring capable of passing on genes.
    • The biological species concept is not applicable to organisms producing hybrids in captivity or existing only in the fossil record.
    • Field guides for bird identification are based on the morphological species concept, focusing on physical forms of organisms.
    • The biological species concept cannot group fossils or asexual organisms into species.
    • Habitat isolation, as seen in black bears and brown bears, prevents interbreeding by keeping species in different habitats and niches.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of mechanisms of speciation, tempo of speciation, and extinction events with this quiz. Explore concepts such as hybrid infertility, natural selection, microevolution, macroevolution, mass extinction events, and adaptive radiation. Delve into species concepts and speciation, including the biological species concept, morphological species concept, lineage species concept, reproductive isolation, allopatric and sympatric speciation, prezygotic and postzygotic isolating mechanisms, and the application

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