Biogeochemical Cycles Quiz: Hydrologic and Carbon Cycle
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not one of the most important processes involved in the hydrologic cycle?

  • Transpiration
  • Evaporation
  • Condensation
  • Photosynthesis (correct)
  • What is the primary way that carbon is stored long-term on Earth?

  • In rocks and sediments (correct)
  • In the oceans
  • In living organisms
  • In the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
  • How does the amount of carbon on Earth today compare to the amount that has always been present?

  • The amount of carbon has remained the same (correct)
  • The amount of carbon fluctuates regularly
  • The amount of carbon has increased over time
  • The amount of carbon has decreased over time
  • What is the primary way that carbon is released back into the atmosphere from long-term storage?

    <p>Burning of fossil fuels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a reservoir or sink through which carbon cycles on Earth?

    <p>The Sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of marine organisms in the carbon cycle?

    <p>They produce carbon through living and dying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of excess carbon dioxide mentioned in the text?

    <p>Disrupting the planet's ecosystems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is organic nitrogen mainly found?

    <p>In living organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of symbiotic bacteria in the Nitrogen Fixation Process?

    <p>Converting inert nitrogen into a usable form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes involves converting nitrogen gas into various forms and back into the atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is nitrogen made available to plants according to the text?

    <p>By consuming other living organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of inorganic forms of nitrogen?

    <p>Atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ammonia primarily produced in industrial nitrogen fixation?

    <p>By combining nitrogen and hydrogen directly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the conversion of ammonia into nitrate in the soil?

    <p>Nitrification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Rhizobium and blue-green algae in biological nitrogen fixation?

    <p>Convert unusable nitrogen into usable compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nitrites formed during nitrogen fixation?

    <p>By oxidation of ammonia with Nitrosomonas bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the energy from lightning during atmospheric fixation of nitrogen?

    <p>It breaks down nitrogen oxides into nitrogen gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria species are involved in converting nitrites into nitrates?

    <p>Nitrobacter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that increases the availability of phosphorus in the soil?

    <p>Dissolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the mineralization of phosphorus?

    <p>Phosphatase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the decrease in availability of phosphorus in the soil?

    <p>Precipitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of soils does sorption of phosphorus primarily occur through covalent bonds with Fe and Al?

    <p>Acidic soils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the microbial cycling of P from inorganic soluble forms to insoluble organic forms?

    <p>Immobilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process contributes to the availability of sulfur for plants by releasing it into the atmosphere?

    <p>Fossil fuel burning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process converts organic matter back into ammonium?

    <p>Ammonification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogen compound is converted into gaseous nitrogen during denitrification?

    <p>Nitrate ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of nitrogen compound that plants can absorb from the soil?

    <p>Nitrogen gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species are involved in the denitrification process?

    <p>Clostridium and Pseudomonas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the conversion of ammonia to other nitrogen compounds?

    <p>It makes ammonia less toxic for plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the nitrogen cycle is responsible for introducing usable nitrogen compounds into the ecosystem?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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