Biogeochemical Cycles Overview

What are the three major realms of the environment mentioned in the text?

Which component of the environment includes all living organisms?

What does the biosphere consist of?

What is defined as the interactions of a particular group of organisms with abiotic factors in a specific habitat?

Where on Earth can living organisms be found?

What maintains a kind of balance between biotic and abiotic components in the environment?

What is the term used for a plant and animal community that covers a large geographical area?

Which German zoologist first used the term 'ecology'?

What are abiotic factors of an ecosystem?

Which ecosystem includes lakes, ponds, streams, marshes, and bogs?

What is the correct definition of a habitat in ecology?

What do primary consumers in an ecosystem mainly feed on?

Which of the following is NOT classified as an aquatic ecosystem?

'Biomes' are determined mainly by which factor?

'Oekologie' is a term used by which person in relation to ecology?

'Ecosystems' consist of which two types of components?

'Tundra biome' can be classified under which major type of ecosystem?

What is the main by-product of photosynthesis?

'Top carnivores' are those that feed mainly on which type of organisms?

Which process returns carbohydrates to the atmosphere through oxidation?

What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen?

How is free nitrogen primarily fixed into an available form for green plants?

Which organisms are capable of utilizing nitrogen directly in its gaseous form?

What percentage of fixed nitrogen is biological?

Which process converts nitrates back into free nitrogen?

What do decomposers feed on within an ecosystem?

What is the primary function of a food chain in an ecosystem?

What is the term used to describe the interconnected network of species within an ecosystem?

Which of the following biomes is not one of the major biomes?

What is the main source of food and energy for green plants?

What is the term used to describe cyclic movements of chemical elements between living organisms and the environment?

In a detritus food-chain, what is the energy capture based on?

What initiates life processes in the biosphere through photosynthesis?

What happens to more than half of the total solar insolation that reaches the Earth's surface?

Which organisms exist and survive in a diversity of associations on Earth?

What is the primary way through which minerals are returned to the soil and water after the death of living organisms?

In ecology, what is ecological balance?

What is meant by 'succession' in ecology?

How is ecological balance disturbed by human causes?

Which scenario would lead to a change in species distribution in forests?

How do carnivorous animals help in maintaining ecological balance?

What is the role of competition in maintaining ecological balance?

Why is the introduction of new species considered a threat to ecological balance?

How do human activities impact secondary successions in ecosystems?

What is the significance of natural hazards in disrupting ecological balance?

How does plant and animal diversity serve as an indicator of habitat conditions?

What happens when there is a disturbance in the native forests?

Which types of biogeochemical cycles are mentioned in the text?

What is the main reservoir of nutrients in the gaseous cycle?

In which cycle is the main reservoir soil and sedimentary rocks?

What is the function of the biosphere in maintaining the carbon cycle?

How is carbohydrate glucose primarily produced during the carbon cycle?

What happens to remaining carbohydrates not utilized by plants in the carbon cycle?

'The biosphere contains over half a million carbon compounds.' What does this imply about carbon compounds?

'The carbon cycle is mainly the conversion of carbon dioxide.' What initiates this conversion?

'Plant tissues are either being eaten by herbivorous animals or decomposed by microorganisms.' How does this statement relate to the carbon cycle?

What are the three major realms of the environment mentioned in the text?

What is the primary focus of ecology as discussed in the text?

Which component constitutes the biosphere?

What is meant by maintaining a 'kind of balance' between biotic and abiotic components?

What are ecological systems as described in the text?

What makes up the biosphere according to the text?

What is the main reservoir of nutrients in the sedimentary cycle?

Which biome is characterized by hot and dry conditions, with rainfall less than 50 mm?

In the carbon cycle, what is converted mainly through photosynthesis?

What are some common organic compounds generated through the conversion of carbon dioxide in the carbon cycle?

What happens to more carbon dioxide during photosynthesis in plants?

Which biome has a soil that is rich in nutrients with little or no organic matter?

In the gaseous cycle, where is the main reservoir of nutrients located?

Which biome has a climate characterized by seasonal rainfall evenly distributed between 750 - 1,500 mm per year?

What is the primary way through which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?

Which biome contains Evergreen conifers like pine, fir, and spruce as common flora?

What happens to carbohydrates not utilized by plants in the carbon cycle?

Which biome is characterized by large areas of Africa, Australia, South America, and India?

What is the main source of food for carnivores in an ecosystem?

How do top carnivores contribute to the ecosystem?

Which component of the environment includes inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water?

What initiates the process of breaking down dead matter in an ecosystem?

Why are herbivores considered primary consumers in an ecosystem?

What do biotic factors in an ecosystem primarily consist of?

Why do marine ecosystems differ from terrestrial ecosystems?

Which organisms contribute to maintaining nutrient cycling through decomposition?

Why are freshwater and marine ecosystems classified accordingly?

What is the primary role of top carnivores in an ecosystem?

How do abiotic factors contribute to ecosystem structuring?

What defines the major difference between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems?

What is the primary role of micro-organisms in the carbon cycle?

Which process involves the decomposition of water molecules during photosynthesis?

In the nitrogen cycle, what is the significance of denitrification?

Which organisms are primarily responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen into an available form?

What is the main by-product of photosynthesis mentioned in the text?

How do green plants assimilate fixed nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle?

Which of the following is NOT a major geochemical component of the biosphere mentioned in the text?

What is the primary source of free nitrogen according to the text?

What role do bacteria play in nutrient cycling within an ecosystem?

Where do living organisms obtain mineral elements required for their survival?

What is the main constituent of the atmosphere that is an essential component of organic compounds?

How do herbivorous animals contribute to nutrient cycling within an ecosystem?

In the context of food chains, what is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

How are grazing food-chains and detritus food-chains different from each other?

What initiates life processes in the biosphere through the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds and oxygen?

How does energy flow in a food chain differ from energy flow in a food web?

What maintains the balance of chemical components in the atmosphere and hydrosphere over one billion years?

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the loss of energy at different levels in a food chain?

What characterizes an altitudinal biome among the five major biomes mentioned in the text?

How do detritus food-chains differ from grazing food-chains in terms of energy capture?

What is the primary reason for gradual changes in ecological balance within a community of organisms?

How is ecological balance described in terms of the numbers of each species in an ecosystem?

What is the main factor that determines which species compete with one another in an ecosystem?

Why are carnivorous animals like tigers and lions important for maintaining ecological balance in certain ecosystems?

What is the term used to describe the change in species distribution due to competition where secondary forest species overtake native species?

Which human activity has negatively impacted the originality of ecosystems and caused adverse effects on the environment?

What can be a consequence of disturbances in ecological balance caused by human interference?

Which term describes a plant and animal community covering a large geographical area?

In which type of food-chain are herbivores found in abundance, while carnivores are fewer and control herbivore populations?

What is the term used for primary consumers like herbivores that depend on producers for their food and sustenance?

Why is it important to have proper knowledge and understanding of various habitat factors?

What is the role of diversity of life in a particular area as an indicator of habitat factor?

What term is used to describe the interactions of a particular group of organisms with abiotic factors within a particular habitat?

Where are living organisms NOT found according to the text?

Which realm of the environment is NOT highlighted as one of the major realms in the text?

What is the biosphere primarily composed of according to the text?

Which component of the environment plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between biotic and abiotic factors?

What is the term used for the diverse life-forms maintained in a particular proportion for balance in an ecosystem?

In an ecosystem, what is the role of decomposers?

What is the primary source of energy for green plants in the biosphere?

What initiates the cyclic movement of chemical elements between organisms and the environment in the biosphere?

What term is used to describe the study of interactions between life forms and the physical environment?

In a food-chain, what is the main consequence of energy transfer from one level to another?

Which German zoologist first used the term 'oekologie' in 1869, which eventually led to the popular term 'ecology'?

Which term describes the interconnected network of multiple food-chains within an ecosystem?

What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

What is the main difference between a grazing food-chain and a detritus food-chain?

What term describes the totality of physical and chemical factors that constitute the general environment in an ecological sense?

Which biome is characterized by having soil rich in nutrients but with little or no organic matter?

Which of the following ecosystems includes oceans, estuaries, and coral reefs?

What initiates the process of breaking down dead organisms within an ecosystem?

In the context of ecosystems, what role do producers play?

'Biomes' are primarily determined by which factor?

'Oekologie' is a term used by which person in relation to ecology?

What is the main by-product of photosynthesis mentioned in the text?

How is nitrogen usually made usable for organisms according to the text?

Which process involves converting nitrates back into free nitrogen?

What is the primary role of green plants in the nitrogen cycle described in the text?

Which statement best describes the primary source of free nitrogen according to the text?

What is the primary way through which carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?

Which group of organisms is primarily responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen into an available form?

What is the role of some bacteria present in the soil according to the text?

How do top carnivores contribute to the ecosystem based on the text?

Which statement best describes the primary role of micro-organisms in the oxygen cycle described in the text?

What is a significant difference between detritus food chains and grazing food chains based on the text?

What is the main function of the carbon cycle as described in the text?

Which biogeochemical cycle involves the conversion of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis?

What is the primary effect of photosynthesis on levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Which of the following is NOT a direct product of photosynthesis?

Why are the biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere mentioned in relation to the water cycle?

What happens to carbohydrates that are not utilized by plants in the carbon cycle?

How does the sedimentary cycle differ from the gaseous cycle in terms of reservoirs?

How does photosynthesis contribute to balancing atmospheric gases?

How does the biosphere contribute to maintaining the water cycle?

What role do microorganisms play in nutrient cycling according to the text?

Why is photosynthesis considered a crucial process for life on Earth?

What is the primary mechanism through which minerals are returned to the soil and water after the death of living organisms?

In the context of ecological balance, why do carnivorous animals like tigers and lions play a crucial role in certain ecosystems?

How can ecological balance be disturbed due to human causes?

What is the term used to describe the change in species distribution due to competition where secondary forest species overtake native species?

Which factor primarily determines the competition between different species in an ecosystem?

What is one adverse effect of disturbances in ecological balance caused by human interference?

Which process primarily returns carbohydrates to the atmosphere through oxidation?

What is the main role of competition among different organisms in maintaining ecological balance?

Why are vast grasslands like savannas good examples of ecological balance through interspecies relationships?

In which scenario would a disturbance in native forests most likely lead to a change in species distribution?

What is one potential consequence of an imbalance in aquatic ecosystems caused by human interference?

How does human pressure on the earth's resources impact biogeochemical cycles within ecosystems?

What is the basis for the diversity of vegetation and biodiversity mentioned in the text?

Before the advent of humans, Earth supported more biodiversity than in any other period primarily due to:

Which factor has led to the rapid decline in biodiversity since the emergence of humans?

Which statement is supported by the text regarding the number of species globally?

What is mentioned about the discovery and classification of new species in the text?

Tropical forests are particularly rich in biodiversity mainly due to their:

Why are the unique plants and animals in Hawaii threatened?

Which region is identified as having richer biodiversity according to the text?

Where was the 'Earth Summit' held according to the text?

What is the primary purpose of establishing national parks and sanctuaries?

What is a common misconception about threatened species according to the text?

In which type of regions is biodiversity NOT significantly rich?

Why is biodiversity consistently richer in the tropics compared to polar regions?

What is the economic role of biodiversity mentioned in the text?

Why is an ecosystem with high biodiversity more likely to adapt to environmental change?

What does 'hotspots of diversity' refer to in the context of species diversity?

How does the loss of species impact an ecosystem's ability to maintain itself?

What is the primary reason behind the greater chance of survival for species in a more diverse ecosystem?

How does crop diversity contribute to biodiversity according to the text?

"Species capture and store energy" is an example of what role played by organisms?

In terms of biodiversity, why is it mentioned that every organism contributes something useful to other organisms within an ecosystem?

What does 'agro-biodiversity' primarily relate to?

What contributes to the better chances for species survival and productivity in ecosystems with high biodiversity according to the text?

What conservation strategy is suggested for preserving biodiversity in the text?

Why are mega diversity centers important according to the text?

What is the significance of hotspots in biodiversity conservation?

How does the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, contribute to biodiversity conservation in India?

What is a key factor emphasized in the need for conserving biodiversity as mentioned in the text?

In what way can disturbance in one species affect other life forms?

Why is the involvement of local communities emphasized in biodiversity conservation efforts?

What role does the Convention of Biodiversity, signed at the Earth Summit, play in global conservation efforts?

What is the primary reason biodiversity is important, according to the text?

Why is it considered morally wrong to voluntarily cause the extinction of any species?

Which factor has accelerated the loss of species and habitats in recent decades?

What role do poachers play in endangering certain species?

Why have natural calamities been detrimental to biodiversity in various regions?

Which organization classifies threatened species into categories for conservation purposes?

'Vulnerable Species' are those likely to be in danger of extinction if what continues?

'Endangered Species' are those that are in danger of what according to the text?

'Exotic Species' refer to species that are not what according to the text?

'Loss of Biodiversity' has been accelerated by the overexploitation of what resource?

'Overexploitation' and 'Deforestation' have been rampant due to what according to the text?

What is classified as 'Vulnerable Species' based on the text?