Biochem Intro

Questions and Answers

What distinguishes an atom from a molecule?

An atom only contains protons and electrons.

A molecule is formed from two or more atoms. (correct)

An atom is the smallest unit of a compound.

A molecule consists of one type of atom only.

Which of these statements about isotopes is correct?

Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. (correct)

Isotopes are always unstable forms of an element.

Isotopes have the same number of electrons.

Isotopes differ in the number of protons.

What is indicated by the atomic number of an element?

The number of protons and electrons. (correct)

The total number of protons and neutrons.

The mass of the element in Atomic Units.

The number of neutrons only.

Which of the following best describes a compound?

A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle does not contribute to the atomic charge of an atom?

Neutron Signup and view all the answers

How are ions formed?

Through the loss or gain of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

If an element has 6 protons and 8 neutrons, what is its atomic mass?

14 Signup and view all the answers

What defines an organic element?

An element that is typically found in living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the properties of atoms?

Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between a pure substance and a mixture?

Pure substances cannot be broken down by chemical means. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of proteins in living organisms?

To act as enzymes and transport molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which field is NOT typically associated with biochemistry?

Astronomy Signup and view all the answers

Biochemistry applies principles from which of the following sciences?

Chemistry and Biology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of biochemistry in understanding diseases?

It combines multiple scientific disciplines to analyze biological processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a potential consequence of dysfunction in proteins?

Enhanced energy production Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about biomolecules is FALSE?

Nucleic acids are the only source of energy. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does biochemistry directly impact nutrition?

By exploring how nutrients affect biochemical processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of enzyme action in biochemistry?

It catalyzes biochemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between biochemistry and toxicology?

Toxicology is a branch of biochemistry focusing on harmful agents. Signup and view all the answers

How do proteins contribute to cell regulation?

They regulate various cellular processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle is primarily responsible for the mass of an atom?

Neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What determines the reactivity of an atom regarding chemical reactions?

Electrons in the valence shell Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding occurs when atoms share electrons unevenly due to differences in electronegativity?

Covalent bonding Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of electrons surrounds the nucleus at a distinct energy level?

Electron shell Signup and view all the answers

What is the strongest type of bond among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds?

Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What kind of bond is characterized by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements typically forms hydrogen bonds?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a cation?

An atom that has lost electrons Signup and view all the answers

What factor least affects the covalent bonding characteristics of an atom?

Melting point Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential feature of organic compounds in biochemistry?

They are formed from C, H, O, and N Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Composition of Matter

Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.
Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means.
Atoms are the basic unit of elements, retaining their properties.
Subatomic particles include protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral charge), and electrons (negative charge).
Isotopes are different forms of an element, differing in the number of neutrons.
Atomic number refers to the number of protons and electrons in an atom.
Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Ions and Compounds

Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge (positive or negative).
Compounds are substances formed from two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.

Chemical Bonding

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons, forming cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions).
Covalent bonding involves sharing pairs of electrons; can be polar (unequal sharing) or nonpolar (equal sharing).
Hydrogen bonds are weaker interactions compared to ionic and covalent bonds.
The strongest bond among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds is the covalent bond.

Electron Shells

Electron shells are layers of electrons surrounding the nucleus, each at a distinct energy level.
The valence shell is the outermost shell, determining an atom's reactivity; atoms are more reactive if this shell is not full.

Organic Compounds

Organic compounds typically consist of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements.
A carbon skeleton refers to the framework formed by carbon atoms sharing electrons with one another.

Importance of Studying Biochemistry

Biochemistry aids in understanding health and disease, contributing to fields such as:
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
- Pathology
- Nutrition

Function of Proteins

Proteins perform various tasks, including:
- Acting as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions.
- Transporting molecules across cell membranes.
- Providing structural support to cells and tissues.
- Regulating cellular processes and functions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of biochemistry with this Week 1 quiz. Covering the composition of matter and chemical bonding, this quiz is designed to reinforce key concepts introduced by Dr. Denzy Rose I. Tangkusan.