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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes an atom from a molecule?
What distinguishes an atom from a molecule?
- An atom only contains protons and electrons.
- A molecule is formed from two or more atoms. (correct)
- An atom is the smallest unit of a compound.
- A molecule consists of one type of atom only.
Which of these statements about isotopes is correct?
Which of these statements about isotopes is correct?
- Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. (correct)
- Isotopes are always unstable forms of an element.
- Isotopes have the same number of electrons.
- Isotopes differ in the number of protons.
What is indicated by the atomic number of an element?
What is indicated by the atomic number of an element?
- The number of protons and electrons. (correct)
- The total number of protons and neutrons.
- The mass of the element in Atomic Units.
- The number of neutrons only.
Which of the following best describes a compound?
Which of the following best describes a compound?
Which subatomic particle does not contribute to the atomic charge of an atom?
Which subatomic particle does not contribute to the atomic charge of an atom?
How are ions formed?
How are ions formed?
If an element has 6 protons and 8 neutrons, what is its atomic mass?
If an element has 6 protons and 8 neutrons, what is its atomic mass?
What defines an organic element?
What defines an organic element?
Which of the following is true regarding the properties of atoms?
Which of the following is true regarding the properties of atoms?
What is the primary distinction between a pure substance and a mixture?
What is the primary distinction between a pure substance and a mixture?
What is a primary function of proteins in living organisms?
What is a primary function of proteins in living organisms?
Which field is NOT typically associated with biochemistry?
Which field is NOT typically associated with biochemistry?
Biochemistry applies principles from which of the following sciences?
Biochemistry applies principles from which of the following sciences?
Which of the following best describes the role of biochemistry in understanding diseases?
Which of the following best describes the role of biochemistry in understanding diseases?
What is NOT a potential consequence of dysfunction in proteins?
What is NOT a potential consequence of dysfunction in proteins?
Which statement about biomolecules is FALSE?
Which statement about biomolecules is FALSE?
In what way does biochemistry directly impact nutrition?
In what way does biochemistry directly impact nutrition?
What is the significance of enzyme action in biochemistry?
What is the significance of enzyme action in biochemistry?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between biochemistry and toxicology?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between biochemistry and toxicology?
How do proteins contribute to cell regulation?
How do proteins contribute to cell regulation?
Which subatomic particle is primarily responsible for the mass of an atom?
Which subatomic particle is primarily responsible for the mass of an atom?
What determines the reactivity of an atom regarding chemical reactions?
What determines the reactivity of an atom regarding chemical reactions?
What type of bonding occurs when atoms share electrons unevenly due to differences in electronegativity?
What type of bonding occurs when atoms share electrons unevenly due to differences in electronegativity?
Which layer of electrons surrounds the nucleus at a distinct energy level?
Which layer of electrons surrounds the nucleus at a distinct energy level?
What is the strongest type of bond among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds?
What is the strongest type of bond among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds?
What kind of bond is characterized by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
What kind of bond is characterized by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
Which of the following elements typically forms hydrogen bonds?
Which of the following elements typically forms hydrogen bonds?
Which of the following best describes a cation?
Which of the following best describes a cation?
What factor least affects the covalent bonding characteristics of an atom?
What factor least affects the covalent bonding characteristics of an atom?
What is an essential feature of organic compounds in biochemistry?
What is an essential feature of organic compounds in biochemistry?
Study Notes
Composition of Matter
- Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.
- Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means.
- Atoms are the basic unit of elements, retaining their properties.
- Subatomic particles include protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral charge), and electrons (negative charge).
- Isotopes are different forms of an element, differing in the number of neutrons.
- Atomic number refers to the number of protons and electrons in an atom.
- Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Ions and Compounds
- Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge (positive or negative).
- Compounds are substances formed from two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.
Chemical Bonding
- Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons, forming cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions).
- Covalent bonding involves sharing pairs of electrons; can be polar (unequal sharing) or nonpolar (equal sharing).
- Hydrogen bonds are weaker interactions compared to ionic and covalent bonds.
- The strongest bond among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds is the covalent bond.
Electron Shells
- Electron shells are layers of electrons surrounding the nucleus, each at a distinct energy level.
- The valence shell is the outermost shell, determining an atom's reactivity; atoms are more reactive if this shell is not full.
Organic Compounds
- Organic compounds typically consist of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements.
- A carbon skeleton refers to the framework formed by carbon atoms sharing electrons with one another.
Importance of Studying Biochemistry
- Biochemistry aids in understanding health and disease, contributing to fields such as:
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
- Pathology
- Nutrition
Function of Proteins
- Proteins perform various tasks, including:
- Acting as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions.
- Transporting molecules across cell membranes.
- Providing structural support to cells and tissues.
- Regulating cellular processes and functions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of biochemistry with this Week 1 quiz. Covering the composition of matter and chemical bonding, this quiz is designed to reinforce key concepts introduced by Dr. Denzy Rose I. Tangkusan.
