Biochemistry Lesson 1

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Questions and Answers

What is Chemistry?

Study of the composition and properties of matter.

What is Inorganic Chemistry?

Study of elements in the periodic table.

What is Organic Chemistry?

Study of carbon-containing compounds.

What is Biochemistry?

Study of compounds, chemical changes and reactions occurring in living systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is Molecular Chemistry?

Study of macromolecules in the body and their processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Biochemistry?

Organic Chemistry Signup and view all the answers

What is pH?

A logarithmic scale to determine the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Buffer?

A solution that resists significant change in pH upon addition of an acid or a base. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ionization?

The process by which atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is Dissociation?

The breakdown of substances into smaller particles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a Polar molecule?

It has two distinct charge sites. Signup and view all the answers

What are Electrolytes?

Substances whose water solutions conduct electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Irreversible Reaction?

A reaction that goes to completion, with products no longer reacting to form back the reactants. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Reversible Reaction?

A reaction that does not go to completion; products can react to form back the reactants. Signup and view all the answers

What does Chemical Equilibrium refer to?

The state at which two opposing reactions proceed at the same rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of pH?

0 to 14 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of litmus paper turns blue in basic solutions?

Red litmus paper Signup and view all the answers

What can Amphoteric substances do?

Donate and accept protons Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Biochemistry

Chemistry studies the composition and properties of matter.
Inorganic Chemistry focuses on elements listed in the Periodic Table.
Organic Chemistry involves carbon-containing compounds such as gasoline, plastics, and detergents.
Biochemistry examines compounds, chemical changes, and reactions in living systems.
Molecular Chemistry studies macromolecules, covering ingestion, digestion, absorption, and metabolism.

Aspects of Biochemistry

Molecular Anatomy: explores the different biomolecules that make up cells.
Molecular Physiology: examines functions and metabolic activities of biomolecules within cells.

Key Concepts

pH: A logarithmic scale indicating the acidity or basicity of a solution.
Buffer: A solution that minimizes pH changes when acids or bases are added.
Ionization: Formation of charged ions by gaining or losing electrons.
Dissociation: Breakdown of larger compounds into smaller particles like atoms or ions.

Molecular Characteristics

Polar Molecules: Unequal electron sharing in covalent bonds results in distinct positive and negative ends.
Nonpolar Molecules: Even distribution of electrons, lacking distinct charge sites.

Electrolytes

Strong Electrolytes: Completely or nearly completely ionize in solution.
Weak Electrolytes: Partially ionize in aqueous solutions.
Non-Electrolytes: Do not dissociate into ions in solution.

Chemical Reactions

Irreversible Reaction: Reactants convert to products completely and do not revert back.
Reversible Reaction: Products can react to reform reactants.
Chemical Equilibrium: The state in which two opposing reactions occur at the same rate.

pH and Buffer

pH definition: "Potential of hydrogen"; indicative of a solution's acidity or alkalinity.
pH Scale: Ranges from 0 to 14, where values less than 7 are acidic, more than 7 are basic, and 7 is neutral.
pH Measurement Methods:
- pH Test Paper: Includes red, blue, and neutral litmus paper for identifying pH.
- pH Meter: Measures electrical potential to determine pH.
- pH Indicator: Changes color depending on pH level, indicating acidity or basicity.

Amphoteric and Amphiprotic Substances

Amphoteric Substances: Capable of both donating and accepting protons; examples include water and amino acids.
Amphiprotic Substances: Can act as either acids or bases; includes water, amino acids, and certain metal oxides.
All amphiprotic substances are categorized as amphoteric.

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Description

Dive into the foundational concepts of biochemistry with this informative quiz covering Lesson 1. Understand the basics of chemistry and its relevance to biochemistry. Great for students of Southwestern University PHINMA.