31 Questions
Which process releases energy and involves breaking down of molecules?
Catabolism
What is the sum total of all biochemical reactions that take place in an organism?
Metabolism
Which type of process requires energy and involves building up of molecules?
Anabolism
What is the process of making or breaking C-C bonds considered as?
C-C bond making
Which type of process involves the flow of electrons in the biological system?
Biological Redox
In the context of energy balance, what is not merely accounted in the mechanical work of motion?
Storage
Which of the following serves as the energy currency in cells?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What type of reaction can convert a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction sequence into a favorable one?
Group transfers
Which of the following reactions involves nucleophilic attack at the α-position of ATP?
Adenylylation
What is responsible for all work done by living organisms, directly or indirectly?
Oxidation-Reduction reactions
What can relieve electrostatic repulsion among the negative charges on ATP as a result of hydrolysis?
$A \rightarrow B$ conversion coupled to ATP hydrolysis
Which type of reaction involves transfer of acyl, glycosyl, and phosphoryl groups from one nucleophile to another in living cells?
Group-transfers reactions
What does ATP generally convert to during the donation of energy?
$ADP + Pi$
What serves as the electrophilic target for nucleophilic attack in adenylylation?
$eta$-position P atom of ATP
How can a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction sequence be converted into a favorable one?
By coupling it to the hydrolysis of a sufficient number of ATP molecules in a new reaction
Metabolism is the sum total of all biochemical reactions that take place in an organism.
True
Catabolism is a reductive process that requires energy.
False
Living things are not unique thermodynamic systems.
False
Stored chemical energy can only be used to drive exergonic reactions.
False
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis is not involved in nucleophilic reactions.
False
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy intake must equal internal heat produced, work, and storage.
True
The process of making or breaking C-C bonds is considered as a biochemical reaction.
True
ATP serves as the energy currency that links catabolism and anabolism.
True
The flow of electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions is responsible for all work done by living organisms.
True
A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction sequence can be converted into a favorable one by coupling it to the hydrolysis of a sufficient number of ATP molecules.
True
ATP provides energy by simple hydrolysis.
False
Adenylylation involves nucleophilic attack at the γ-position of ATP.
False
Cholesterol biosynthesis precursor involves C-C bond making or breaking.
True
ATP consumption during strenuous exertion is 0.5 kg/min.
True
Firefly Bioluminescence Cycle is discussed in the text.
True
The charge separation resulting from ATP hydrolysis relieves electrostatic attraction among the negative charges on ATP.
False
Study Notes
Energy and Metabolism
- Catabolism releases energy and involves breaking down of molecules.
- Metabolism is the sum total of all biochemical reactions that take place in an organism.
- Anabolism requires energy and involves building up of molecules.
ATP and Energy
- ATP serves as the energy currency that links catabolism and anabolism.
- ATP provides energy by simple hydrolysis.
- ATP hydrolysis is involved in nucleophilic reactions.
Biochemical Reactions
- The process of making or breaking C-C bonds is considered as a biochemical reaction.
- Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the flow of electrons in the biological system.
- Nucleophilic attack at the α-position of ATP is involved in certain reactions.
Energy Balance
- Energy intake must equal internal heat produced, work, and storage (Law of Conservation of Energy).
- Stored chemical energy can only be used to drive exergonic reactions.
- Living things are not unique thermodynamic systems.
Reaction Sequences
- A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction sequence can be converted into a favorable one by coupling it to the hydrolysis of a sufficient number of ATP molecules.
- ATP consumption during strenuous exertion is not 0.5 kg/min (this is an incorrect statement).
ATP Hydrolysis
- ATP hydrolysis relieves electrostatic repulsion among the negative charges on ATP.
- ATP generally converts to ADP during the donation of energy.
Adenylylation
- Adenylylation involves nucleophilic attack at the α-position of ATP.
- The γ-position of ATP is not involved in adenylylation.
Biosynthesis
- Cholesterol biosynthesis precursor involves C-C bond making or breaking.
Test your knowledge on the importance of energy changes and electron transfer in metabolism with this quiz. Topics include energy balance, biochemical reactions, ATP, ATP hydrolysis, bioluminescence, flow of electrons, biological redox, and coenzymes.
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