Biochemistry Quiz: Blood Types, Hyaluronan, and Carbohydrate Molecules
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Questions and Answers

Which blood type has both glycosyltransferases that add an additional monosaccharide to sugar chains on proteins?

  • Type A
  • Type AB (correct)
  • Type O
  • Type B

    • Which glycosaminoglycan is used to treat osteoarthritis by lubricating joints and aiding cartilage formation?

  • Chondroitin sulfate
  • Hyaluronan (correct)
  • Heparan sulfate
  • Keratan sulfate

    • Which molecule is made of amino acids and carbohydrates, with the carbohydrate being the major component?

  • Glycoprotein
  • Glycolipid
  • Proteoglycan (correct)
  • Lipoprotein

    • Which chemical groups react to form glycosidic bonds between monosaccharides?

    <p>Hydroxyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is required for digesting lactose in infants but decreases in many adults?

    <p>Lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of carbohydrates are epimers, differing in configuration around one carbon atom?

    <p>Glucose and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of monosaccharide is glucose, the most important biological sugar?

    <p>Aldohexose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein makes contact with carbohydrate chains during viral infections like H1N1?

    <p>Lectins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage polysaccharide found in animal cells?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two monosaccharides make up the disaccharide sucrose?

    <p>Fructose and glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the final acceptor of electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane by Complex I?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is inhibited by aspirin, leading to its anti-inflammatory effects?

    <p>Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a precursor for gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical modification that is the basis for aspirin's action?

    <p>Acetylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fatty acids are called polyunsaturated?

    <p>Fatty acids with multiple double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which steroid hormone can be used in asthma therapy?

    <p>Inhaled corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of active transporter is defective in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug has the highest chance to enter a target cell by passive diffusion?

    <p>Small, uncharged, and nonpolar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a facilitated transporter?

    <p>Na+/K+ ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final acceptor of electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is inhibited by aspirin, leading to its anti-inflammatory effects?

    <p>COX enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical modification that is the basis for aspirin's action?

    <p>Acetylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of active transporter is defective in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis?

    <p>CFTR1 chloride ion transporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug has the highest chance to enter a target cell by passive diffusion?

    <p>Small, uncharged and nonpolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane by Complex I?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a precursor for gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is NOT a class of eicosanoids?

    <p>Glycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which steroid hormone can be used in asthma therapy?

    <p>Inhaled corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fatty acids are called polyunsaturated?

    <p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net product yield from one glucose molecule undergoing glycolysis?

    <p>2 ATP, 2 NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?

    <p>Triose-Phosphate Isomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycolytic enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

    <p>Phosphoglycerate Mutase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kinase catalyzes the first irreversible step of glucose breakdown in the liver?

    <p>Hexokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is directly converted from glycolysis to produce glycerol phosphate for lipid synthesis?

    <p>Dihydroxyacetone phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assuming sufficient oxygen, what molecule does pyruvate get converted to before entering the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction in the citric acid cycle generates a molecule of GTP?

    <p>Succinyl-CoA to succinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subcellular location of most enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Matrix of the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex of the electron transport chain does not translocate protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>Complex II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein complex is responsible for the final production of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>ATP synthase (Complex V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final acceptor of electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following cannot be considered intermediate carriers of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Lanosterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane by Complex I?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following glycolysis reactions needs to be bypassed during Gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Pyruvate Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is inhibited by aspirin, leading to its anti-inflammatory effects?

    <p>COX enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical modification that is the basis for aspirin's action?

    <p>Acetylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is NOT a class of eicosanoids?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fatty acids that contain multiple carbon-carbon double bonds are called:

    <p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is NOT a precursor for Gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of active transporter is defective in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis?

    <p>CFTR1 (Chloride ion transporter)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis?

    <p>Triose-Phosphate Isomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?

    <p>Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is directly converted to glycerol phosphate, an intermediate used in lipid synthesis?

    <p>Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the citric acid cycle, which reaction generates a molecule of GTP?

    <p>Succinyl-CoA Synthetase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most of the enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle located within the cell?

    <p>Mitochondrial Matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Accepts electrons from Complexes I and II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex of the electron transport chain is responsible for ATP production by capturing energy from proton flow?

    <p>Complex V</p> Signup and view all the answers

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